tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1636970031602849022024-03-08T17:00:37.952-08:00Latest topics for essay writingNasa High School Scholars Acceptance Essay Topicsdoreenhudshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15252934475059412875noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-163697003160284902.post-47127681549743741962020-08-26T01:45:00.001-07:002020-08-26T01:45:15.035-07:00WEARABLE COMPUTING :: Essays PapersWEARABLE COMPUTING Wearable processing is the subsequent stage to the PC progressive world. At MIThril lab, they are taking a shot at a wearable PC. Like a sleeveless winter coat or a sweater, they are moving in the direction of they objective. With the entangled undertaking, they donââ¬â¢t realize the end goal yet. In any case, with each progression the MIThril group takes, they openly record and post on the web for overall access. The name MIThril gets from the anecdotal exemplary The Hobbit and Lord of the Ring by J.R.R. Tolkien. As agreeable and unnoticeable as the Dwarvesââ¬â¢ ring-mail tunic, MIThrilââ¬â¢s group guarantees our talented society the future garments of electronic. The world exists where individuals no longer wear just garments, however an individual wears a watch or a shirt that is continually working and require at least the wearerââ¬â¢s consideration. PCs are no longer need in light of the fact that with wearable PC on him why needs of a lab top. MIThrilââ¬â¢s vision of this task is to give our talented society a superior method to processing. Workstations are the relic of past times; wearable PC is the progression to what's to come. Their principle objective toward this modern task is to make a force PC, running Linux working framework, that is lightweight, inconspicuous, dependable, and continually carrying out its responsibility. The MIThril configuration depends on the utilization of at least one low force processing centers, every one of which is competent or running an out and out working framework. It will be there at whatever point a client needs. There is no compelling reason to convey a perfect, yet a basic presentation vision on the client class. The military is anticipating have a full battle bundle for their prepared troopers. The troopers will have advantage with cutting edge in the field. MIThril task is to make a wearable PC as unnoticeable and light as could reasonably be expected. There are not units for advertising, yet a simple and clear archive accessible to any individual who is eager to endeavor of making one himself. This is an assignment that gets individuals to get included and make a wearable PC to be around the world. doreenhudshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15252934475059412875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-163697003160284902.post-23187079126849376162020-08-22T06:32:00.001-07:002020-08-22T06:32:29.174-07:00Greenlea Residential Care Home Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 wordsGreenlea Residential Care Home - Essay Example Mrs. Marchant is of the assessment that obtaining such reports is currently turning out to be increasingly bureaucratic. Her benefits have been falling marginally during the most recent couple of years and this is turning into a reason for worry for her. Mrs. Shipper is presently considering extending the Care House by building an augmentation. This augmentation will empower her to house twofold the limit. Obviously, she feels , her staff will likewise must be multiplied to deal with the expanded number of inhabitants. She has gained a gauge for the structure and development of this expansion which adds up to 100,000 pounds. Since her obligations are not high she is looking for restricted risk which will permit progressively budgetary assurance. It will likewise guarantee a more noteworthy scope of expense concessions. In any case, she is confronting one lawful case. A representative who tumbled down while helping an occupant and hurt her thumb is looking for remuneration. Be that as it may, Mrs. Trader is of the firm assessment that she won't pay since there was a seat lift accessible and the worker had acted carelessly bringing about a penetrate of guidelines. Presently she gets some much needed rest to set up the essential records to place her arrangement enthusiastically. doreenhudshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15252934475059412875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-163697003160284902.post-12551323472377197762020-08-12T10:43:00.001-07:002020-08-12T10:43:02.896-07:00Reimagining the Reading Life An Interview with Lauren LetoReimagining the Reading Life An Interview with Lauren Leto It was a happy day when Lauren Letos Judging a Book By its Lover landed on my doorstep last month. A collection of essays about books, publishing, and the reading life, Judging a Book By its Lover covers everything from Harry Potter fandom to how to fake like youve read Very Important Novels. Its a funny, thought-provoking, delightfully unpretentious look at why we read and how we talk about books, and Im thrilled to have been able to ask Leto a few questions about the book and her own reading life. _________________________ Rebecca Joines Schinsky: You say early on, âIf we get too comfortable in our reading choicestoo lazyweâre giving something up.â What do you do when you want to shake up your reading life? Lauren Leto: I like to read through The Paris Review interviews and blindly purchase any name an author mentions who I havenât read. That led me recently to P.G. Wodehouse through Nicholson Bakerâs interview The Art of Fiction No. 212. Itâs a great method you like Author A, Author A loves Author B give it a shot. Iâve been on a kick where I wonât read more than one book by any author lately. I used to go up and down an authorâs oeuvre, gorging myself on that one person. Now Iâm trying to put some space between an authorâs works, Iâd rather be exposed to more authors than read everything by one author. RJS: The book includes helpful (and often hilarious) tips for meeting, wooing, and dating readers. Ever dated someone who didnât read? LL: Yes. Iâve often dated non-readers. Iâve often broken up with non-readers. Thereâs a pattern, Iâve finally figured out. I need someone who understands why my reading light is still on. However Iâm dating a fantasy fan, which I thought was even less likely than dating a non-reader. Heâs converted me into a rabid fangirl of The Dark Tower series. Iâm pretty happy we met mostly because of those books. RJS: You devote a section of the book to open letters youâve written to fans of various authors. What author has the coolest fans? The most insufferable? LL: Most insufferable: Ayn Rand. Hands down. Truthfully, I loved The Fountainhead and Atlas Shrugged when I read them in high school. Great stories, I thought Dagny Taggert was amazing. But growing up your opinion changes as you more closely think about the messages and when you meet people like Paul Ryan who take it too far. Coolest: Iâve never met a William Gibson fan I didnât like. RJS: The section called âHow to Write Like Any Authorâ boils writers down to their essential elements. Who didnât you include in the section that you wish you could add? (I must confess, I was sad not to see John Irving thereParent dies, sexual hang-ups, bears, Vienna, wrestling, Dickensian attempts. Too easy?) LL: Ah! I didnât think of him. Thatâs great. Houellebecq: Brooding, middle-aged, not-great-looking male lead. Sick or absent father and mothers. Mostly meaningless relationships with females. Driving around Paris in a nice car. RJS: While pondering the fates of kids who love The Velveteen Rabbit, you posit that âif they went to Hogwarts, theyâd get placed in Hufflepuff.â Where would the Sorting Hat place you? LL: Slytherin. Iâd love to go to Gryffindor, but Iâm an asshole and the Hat would know it. Or Iâd be placed in Ravenclaw and condemned to be a background character. I felt so bad for the kids at Hogwarts whose biggest dream was to make it on their Quidditch team while Harry was saving the world. RJS: Who is your favorite author, and whatâs your one-sentence stereotype of people who love him or her? LL: Fyodor Dostoevsky. In the book I categorize Dostoevsky fans as âGuys I want to sleep with.â If I had to characterize all fans of him in my image, Iâd go with âovereating, anxiety-prone holders of obscure degrees.â RJS: You wrap details of online drama and Twitter tempests-in-teacups into a few of the essays. What authors have the best and worst Twitter feeds? Whoâs an author you wish was on Twitter? LL: Oh! I followed closely the âEmma Straub is too niceâ feud and have to say that she is delightful on Twitter. Bret Easton Ellis is a trainwreck (âtweetwreckâ?). Gary Shytengart is so-so, more weird than funny or interesting. Zadie Smith would be great at Twitter. I feel like sheâd be insightful, funny, good links. I want to know more about what goes on in her head daily. RJS: Coolest thing happening in literary culture right now? LL: Self-publishing. The âbookstoreâ in the next decade will be radically innovated. Itâll be an open platform, people will move faster from obscurity to popularity (and vice-versa). Publishing and books arenât dying, theyâre being reimagined. RJS: Whatâs your take on the current debate about who the ârealâ critics are and what makes a book review? LL: I love book reviews, the form you find in the Times Book Review. Itâs the only section of the paper I reliably read every weekend. Naomi Wolfâs book Vagina: A New Biography was skewered in a review by Toni Bentley and I became a bit annoyed that the book got such a large spread (front page plus two pages). If it was bad, why not just leave it out of the Review. As a selfish person, I want to only hear about the good books. The silence is damning enough to bad books. But, itâs important we hear it. Itâs nice to see less than glowing reviews, I find outlining deficiencies teaches more about what makes a good book than highlighting the high points. RJS: Finally, what other books about books and the reading life do you recommend? LL: Books about books! My favorite genre. I love Jonathan Franzenâs book of essays How to Be Alone particularly the edited version of his Harperâs essay Perchance to Dream, renamed in the book to Why Bother? His ideas of social isolationists resonated with me. Finally a term to describe why I like to sit alone with a story other than âintrovertâ. I work at a social reading startup called Findings. When I started, I read The Case for Books by Robert Darnton insightful for anyone thinking hard about the industryâs future. Lauren Leto Lauren Leto dropped out of law school to start the popular humor blog âTexts from Last Night.â She co-authored the book Texts from Last Night: All the Texts No One Remembers Sending. She created the website Banters and is now working on a new site, Findings. She lives in Brooklyn. Judging a Book By its Lover is available now from Harper Perennial. Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox. doreenhudshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15252934475059412875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-163697003160284902.post-44439333885155696582020-05-23T20:55:00.001-07:002020-05-23T20:55:02.578-07:00Analysis Of Biographies Of Confucius And Empress Wu Analysis of Biographies of Confucius and Empress Wu Introduction The Mountain of Fame shows readers the biographies of the most colorful personalities in Chinese history. From the sage emperors to the most recent personalities in the Tiananmen Square, the biographies help us see the transition in the traditional values of China. There are more than 20 biographies analyzed in the book by John E Wills, this paper summarizes only two of them. There is Confucius; a vulnerable being whose only goal is to save the world b restoring the order that has been overtaken by endless chaos. There is also Empress Wu, a key figure of the seventh century who went down in history as an influencer of the system of centralized monarchies. She has been used a pillar for bad examples for centuries now: mostly because she was a woman who put her ideas in a field that was traditionally dominated by men- politics. This paper addresses the place of women in politics as depicted by the biography of Empress Wu. It also looks at Confucius and his attempt to restore order to the sage of kings during his time, and what the actions of these two meant for the nation of China then and what they continue to mean to the people now, long after the figures discussed in the biographies are gone. Confucius Kongzt II It is one of the most famous philosophies today: Confucianism. It was adopted from this famous philosopher and was used during the dynasties of the Song, Tang and Han emperors. Confucius is known for doreenhudshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15252934475059412875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-163697003160284902.post-27641689382202208662020-05-12T19:52:00.001-07:002020-05-12T19:52:02.389-07:00The 1976 Soweto Uprising Photo Gallery doreenhudshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15252934475059412875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-163697003160284902.post-17766432970979272292020-05-06T12:50:00.001-07:002020-05-06T12:50:36.311-07:00Creative Accounting Free Essays The term of creative accounting refers to select accounting methods for the preparation of financial statement that provide the result desired by the accounting preparers. Especially when the firms are under a financial difficulty, the need of creativity would be very apparent because it might be difficult for parties such as auditors, with an oversight function, to report that the account preparers are doing anything wrong (Deegan, 2010). When the economy is moving into recession, the most companies are likely to manipulate their financial statement to be in the upward direction in order for the favourable profit by overstating the asset and understating the liability. We will write a custom essay sample on Creative Accounting or any similar topic only for you Order Now b) No, the roles and responsibilities of auditors and regulators are very vital at improving control. Auditors perform audits to evaluate whether the policies and process are designed and operating effectively and provide recommendations for improvement. They also help to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of the organizations risk management processes. They may prepare a comprehensive assessment of any wrong doing that might lead the organization into financial loss. As for the role of regulators, they will determine how best to cause firms subject to their jurisdiction to develop control policies and procedures to meet the performance objectives. In fact, auditors and regulators are part of the pillars of corporate governance. The auditors and regulators definitely work to predict the warning of the recession and give notification to the company. However, they could not be in position to finish final decision and to control every improvement and process. Just like the HIH insurance case, the directors still make wrong decision, even if there was the concurrence of the actuaries and the auditors. It does not matter how efficiently they played their role, it matters how efficiently the four pillars which are boarder of directors, management, auditors and regulators could be harmonized with. In other word, this failure should not be the reason to reduce the roles of auditors and regulators. How to cite Creative Accounting, Papers doreenhudshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15252934475059412875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-163697003160284902.post-75958803053044333372020-05-03T07:16:00.001-07:002020-05-03T07:16:02.153-07:00Affective and Motivational Approach To Persuasion free essay sample A few years ago I was in India during Christmas. I was there along with my two cousins and a common friend. Since it was our first visit to this country, we had made elaborate plans to capture as much as we could as far as the tourist destinations were concerned. All the major bookings, which included our stay in hotels and the tickets of our different flights and trains, in order to move from one place to another within the country, had been made in advance. We were in Calcutta, a very culturally rich place in India on Christmas day. We had slept very late that night and woke up late too. When we were out from our hotel rooms for breakfast we found something unusual in the way people were discussing about something that was breaking news. On enquiring we learnt that a mega Tsunami had hit many parts of India and its neighboring countries. We will write a custom essay sample on Affective and Motivational Approach To Persuasion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Tsunami was a new word for everyone there including us, as it was one of the rare incidents that occurred in the worldââ¬â¢s history. All news channels were flashing news about it. The next day all the local newspapers were flooded with all kinds of information about this natural calamity and the extent of damage it has caused to mankind. It was an underwater earthquake of the Indian Ocean. We bought a couple of newspapers and flipped through their pages to get as much information as we could. The worst hit places in India were the Andaman and Nicobar islands ââ¬â the breathtakingly beautiful group of islands that we had visited a week ago. In one of the newspapers I came across an advertisement that was persuading people to step forward as volunteers for helping the locals as well as the tourists who were still stuck there. I immediately decided to go there. I talked about it to my fellow tourists. All the three of them were very sad with this disaster but were somehow apprehensive about my idea of volunteering. We had 15 days more in India. Though they really felt bad for the sufferers, they wanted to make the most of their holiday as we had spent a lot in the advance tickets and hotel bookings. Also there was a fear in them to loose their own lives or harm themselves or get lost in the whole hustle and bustle and never ever return to their homelands. They tried to dissuade me for being so emotional. I assured them that I would think over this issue for a night and let them know the next morning. But there was something in that advertisement that was persuading my inner self to be of duty to those who really needed people like me. The advertisementââ¬â¢s heading was ââ¬â ââ¬ËBe where you ought to beââ¬â¢ and it carried a picture of a crying and aged man who looked completely devastated. His face resembled our friendly and gentle guide in the Andaman and Nicobar islands and this was the reason why I was being coaxed from inside to be where I ought to be. I told my cousins and my friend in the morning that I was not joining them for the rest of the tours of the places that were left in our agenda. They left for Delhi and its neighboring hill stations the same afternoon and I left for my mission that seemed most important to me at that point of time. We decided to meet after 15 days -the day on which we were suppose to board our flights back home. I took the evening flight to the ravaged destination, which was bubbling with beauty; life and kindhearted people just a few days back. I assisted as a medical carer and looked after children. Most of them had become orphans or were still waiting for their parents to be traced by army men, coastguards and volunteers like me. More than medical care they needed emotional support. They were hungry, frightened, confused and inconsolable. For two weeks I looked after them in the best possible way and tried to bring hope back into their hopeless lives. In some occasions, I also missed my meals to ensure that all of them ate well as the food supply was inadequate. Before it was time for me to leave, many NGOââ¬â¢s had come forward and taken charge of the children. I left that place with heavy heart. On the scheduled day the four of us met again in Calcutta for our departure flight. They had photographs of the last fifteen days and I had nothing but bruises and sad memories, but I was more satisfied than them. The advertisement had given me an opportunity to be of service to others, which had filled me with immense inner satisfaction and a sense of worthiness. Works Cited Arens, W.F., C.L.Bovee. Contemporary Advertising. 5th ed.à USA: IRWIN, 1994. doreenhudshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15252934475059412875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-163697003160284902.post-20271119411416515982020-03-25T17:10:00.001-07:002020-03-25T17:10:02.288-07:00The Lord of the Rings Review Essay ExampleThe Lord of the Rings Review Paper Essay on The Lord of the Rings Tolkien fantasy genre is like that of Pushkin in Russian literature. Books in this genre, and wrote to him, but the count usually lead to the Lord of the Rings. The reason for this incredible popularity? Of course, but what was the reason for this popularity? I will answer for himself. When I read the trilogy, the central narrative intrigue seemed to me not very interesting (predictable, some banal and cloying). And since the separation of Frodo from the other members of the Fellowship of the Ring, I did read the chapters on his wanderings through the line. Maybe I just wanted action, scale and can be exciting, but I think that is not the case But the fact that Tolkien did not write the book, rather than just written a book -. He created Peace. And the description of the world takes me much more than the misadventures of two Halflings (relationships that Peter Jackson later gave some homosexual traits). Own world Tolkien created not only Lord of the Rings, but after reading the one only Lord, that in this world you can dive to the ears. Some, by the way, it takes a lot of time to this world to get in our reality. Of course, todays reader to hit is not so easy and now worlds like Tolkien, abound (and some are in scale and the quality of performance at least equal to the world Sredizamya). Of course, much of Tolkien seems too straightforward and naive. Of course, the works of later authors shine a much more intricate plot, truly universal scale, ambiguous characters, etc. etc. But through it all clearly show Tolkiens characters, have become a kind of archetypes of the collective unconscious fantasy authors. And no matter how revolutionary or were modern innovators of the genre, no matter how much they may alter the canons, and they can not break away from Tolkien, even if subvert it. And how many of you can name the works, the starting point of which was the language invented by the people? But Tolkien said: my long book an attempt to create a world in which the language corresponding to my personal aesthetic might be natural. Maybe this is why Tolkiens World, with all its naivetà © and ar tlessness (compared to later writers) do not lose any credibility of any appeal. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lord of the Rings Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Lord of the Rings Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Lord of the Rings Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer P.S. Members of the rock group The Beatles wanted to do a musical film based on the book, and to act in it themselves. Paul McCartney had to play the role of Frodo, Ringo Starr Sam, George Harrison Gandalf and John Lennon Gollum. Tolkien was shocked by such an idea. doreenhudshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15252934475059412875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-163697003160284902.post-83786826900976898722020-03-06T14:05:00.001-08:002020-03-06T14:05:03.117-08:00Case study analysis of Ready Meals The WritePass JournalCase study analysis of Ready Meals 1. Before and After Status of Ready Meals Case study analysis of Ready Meals 1. Before and After Status of Ready Meals2) Operation Management Laws and Theories and Cause Effect Relationships:3) General Advice:BibliographyRelated 1. Before and After Status of Ready Meals Ready Meals (RM) are a freshly prepared meals supply company with a major grocery retailer Strutt within its customer base. Strutt had previously employed a central ordering system that disregarded uncertainty and volatility factors in customer demand, where uncertainty is critical when designing any operational model. Koh (2004) defined it as the unpredictable event that has a disturbing impact on production and operations and causes model predictions to be different from reality. RM faced high demand, variability and uncertainty. On a weekly basis demand varied by 10 to 25% and, at times, exceeded 50%. The company had difficulty dealing with Strutt, which often charged them financial penalties in case of wastage or ill-timed supply. Variability and uncertainty has an impact on optimal safety stocks and lead times (Molinder, 1997). In the old system: Due to demand fluctuations orders were calculated sometimes two days prior to dispatch which extended supply lead time. A lot of sauce would go wasted due to demand variations. Trade-offs and buffering mechanisms were employed to solve volatility and uncertainty issues (Wazed, Ahmed and Yusoff, 2009). In the old system, a buffering mechanism changed working hours unannounced, which disappointed the employees and increased costs. Due to a central material requirement planning system (MRPS), impact of uncertainty was passed to suppliers. The orders were based on a provisional order because of required lead time. If the original/provisional order was low, the suppliers were pressurised for an urgent order. There was no mechanism to avoid wastage or stock from exceeding planned replenishment when the provisional order was higher. To increase availability of stock, the company had to either change the days in system or the planned coverage level. The former increased wastage risk, whilst the latter equated three times higher change in overall stock. The company needed a better designed system that addressed the weaknesses of the existing one. After implementing the new system: Because of the adjustment, it became possible for season and weekly schedules to be set and the uncertainty in demand was greatly reduced which lead to timely supplies and fewer penalties. The shelf ââ¬âlife of products for Strutt was increased by dispatching orders early and on production days. The quantities packaged were according to requirements of stores by specifying location of delivery depot two days prior to despatch. This further helped avoid delays in shipment. The wastage rate of the company was effectively reduced. This lead to an eradication of the requirement to use the annualised hours buffering mechanism. The suppliers were also able to deliver more efficiently according to demand. The overall impact was a 90% increase in the companyââ¬â¢s products in stores. 2) Operation Management Laws and Theories and Cause Effect Relationships: The case of RM showed that in the old system, the company mostly followed the traditional operational management laws and theories. The old system was based on a trade-off model in which companies often compromise quality for cost minimisation. Ferdows and De Meyer (1990) theorised that in order to achieve cost efficiency, focus of management should first focus on quality, dependability and then flexibility of production. This cause and effect relationship can be seen within the new system employed by RM. In the new system, the focus of the company was not cost, but on quality, by increasing shelf life of products. Allowing for delivery order two days earlier, the company sanctioned dependability as well as flexibility. This meant that the penalties were effectively removed as well as the wastage. The new system can be said to be based on a just-in-time model (Ohno, 1998). According to the just-in-time concept, materials or parts are delivered when they are needed. This leads a reduc tion in wastage and no inventory. Regarding variability and use of trade off buffering, Hopp Spearman (1995) said that increases in variability decreases the performance of the system and it can only be buffered using capacity, time and inventory. à This was a traditional concept and the old system worked according to it. To deal with variability, the company used a capacity buffer (annualised hours for labour). This helped in dealing with variability but resulted in low morale among employees, thus low performance and an increase in costs. Fisher (1997) suggested the modern theory of accepting the uncertainty. According to him, uncertainty and variability are natural in products and adjustments have to be made in the production system to deal with them. Uncertainty can be avoided or reduce by increasing flexibility of supply chain and by cutting lead time. For hedging excess capacity or inventory, buffers can be employed. The new system accepted the uncertainty as they made adjustments for seasonal variations. Fu rthermore, dispatching on production day decreased lead time and such steps reduced the impact of uncertainty. The company, however, reduced the capacity buffer and was able to increase its availability by 90%. This is in accordance with the findings of Schmenner and Swink (1998) who gave a view that buffers should be avoided and when variations are reduced, the companies should avoid buffering for improved flow. This was found to be true in the case of RM. The company did have to use annualised hours or labour productivity buffers. This resulted in reduced costs and the performance of the company improved. 3) General Advice: On the basis of the RM case analysis, it is recommended that the company should accept uncertainty and volatility and make system adjustments accordingly. The buffer mechanisms, may appear effective at first, but the acquisition of an optimal level in trade off seems difficult therefore the company should try to find some other way to tackle this issue and rely less upon the trade-off buffering. For instance, fluctuations in demand can be dealt with by making the system more dependable and flexible. Bibliography Ferdows, K. and De Meyer, A. 1990. Lasting improvements in manufacturing performance: in search of a new theory, Journal of Operations Management, (9)2, pp.168-184. Fisher, M.L. 1997. What is the right supply chain for your product? Harvard Business Review, March-April, pp.105-116. Hopp W.J., and Spearman, M.L. 1995. Factory Physics, Singapore: McGraw Hill. Koh, S.C.L. 2004. MRP-controlled batch-manufacturing environment under uncertainty, Journal of the Operational Research Society, 55, pp.219-232. Molinder, A., 1997. Joint optimization of lot-sizes, safety stocks and safety lead times in an MRP system, International Journal of Production Research, 35(4), pp. 983-994. Ohno, T. 1988. The Toyota Production System; Beyond Large-Scale Production, Portland: Productivity Press. Schmenner, R.W., and Swink, M.L. 1998. On theory in operations management, Journal of Operations Management, 17, pp. 97-113. Wazed, M. A., Ahmed, S. and Yusoff, N. 2009. Uncertainty Factors in Real Manufacturing Environment, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3(2), pp. 342-351. doreenhudshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15252934475059412875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-163697003160284902.post-50196834818187540222020-02-19T05:32:00.001-08:002020-02-19T05:32:03.905-08:00What role do NGOs play in reducing poverty in developing countries EssayWhat role do NGOs play in reducing poverty in developing countries - Essay Example Non Governmental Organizations have a long history in improving the lives of the poor and the suffering. In 19th century they played a major role in fighting for rights of women and ran anti slavery movements (Davies, Thomas R. 2008).After the formulation of United Nations in 1945 the term Non Governmental Organization came into existence. These organizations have many roles which include promoting rights of a specific faction of society, promoting basic services like education and health, fighting laws and rules that are against poor or a particular group and helping government fighting diseases. But the most basic role of Non Governmental Organization is poverty alleviation. NGOs can play a major role in reducing poverty by helping people at the micro level. Such organizations have access to people that are in need of help and by helping these people NGOs can reduce poverty at grass root level. Especially in the developing countries NGOs have played a direct role in improving healt h and economic conditions of the people. Issues like lack of health and education are actually a product of poverty therefore the aim of most NGOs in developing countries is to reduce poverty. In this essay we will highlight the role NGOs play in reducing poverty in developing countries. Non Governmental Organizations reduce poverty by promoting rights of poor, providing education and shelter for poor, providing micro financing services and improving health facilities. Fighting for Rights of Poor The most basic way through which NGOs help reduce poverty is by fighting for rights of poor. The main problem in the developing countries is that people are not aware of their rights due to lack of communication technology. NGOs help people realize about their rights as this is the first step in poverty alleviation. Non Governmental Organizations also play a role in voicing concerns of the people to the relevant authorities. They force governmental institutions to take action with regards t o the problems faced by the poor. This is another role they play is easing the suffering of the poor. Sometimes governments are taking steps for example increase in taxes that are in directly harmful to the interest of poor people. NGOs also play a role in fighting such steps of the government and in this way they protect the rights of the people. NGOs fight for the right to food, shelter, education etc in developing countries (Curtis, Marley, & Bakewell, 2005). They also fight against child labour and rights of women. By doing so NGOs create awareness and at the same time improve lives of the poor. The fight for basic rights can therefore be considered as an important role of NGO in reducing poverty of developing countries. Providing Shelter for the Needy The right to shelter is one of the most basic rights of human beings. No one can live a proper life without some sort of shelter. Developing countries face serious problems when it comes to providing housing for their citizens. Ma ny people in the developing world are forced to live on streets because they do not have a home. Non Governmental Organizations help poor people find a shelter in developing countries. It is important to provide shelter because it is one of the basic needs of the people. Providing shelter is one of the steps of poverty reduction in developing countries. Non Governmental Organization provides shelter to children, women and old people. Children who left their homes or are forced to leave their homes are treated by NGOs. Non Governmental Organizations are of many types as mentioned before. Some focus on children only and other provide shelter to people in general. NGOs in developing countries focus on providing secure shelter to female victims of sex trafficking (Tzvetkova, M. 2002). A direct effect of poverty is that people get desperate to find jobs in order to feed their families. doreenhudshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15252934475059412875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-163697003160284902.post-87029081681261883702020-02-04T05:06:00.001-08:002020-02-04T05:06:04.073-08:00Monotheism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsMonotheism - Assignment Example D., ââ¬Å"On Religionâ⬠). God, in Christian thought is conventionally described as a being that possesses omniscience, omnibenevolence and omnipotence. In other words, God knows everything, is perfectly good and has the power to do everything. Monotheism is the view that only one God exists such as Christianity, Judaism and Islam. On the other hand, Polytheism is the conviction in and worship of more than one God (dess). For example, there can be as few as two such as Zorozstian or an inestimably large amount, for example, in Hinduism. They all accept the fact that various Gods exist, however they differ in their responses to that God (Philip A. Pecorino, ââ¬Å"Philosophy of Religionâ⬠). Religion dissimilarities are initiated in food, dress and family rituals as well as beliefs. These beliefs and practices may be personal and private; however they cannot be divorced from questions regarding morality and truth. Considering that oneââ¬â¢s faith is accurate and behaving in ways that reflect this belief may be dissimilar in the presence of diversity than in its absence. In present day, peopleââ¬â¢s public discourse in regards to religion has turned out to be a society of schizophrenics. They normally say that they respect irrespective of their allegiance towards different Gods. However, religious hate crimes tend to occur along with misunderstanding amid people of different religions. Thus, there exist outbreaks of religious spirituality and chauvinism (Wuthnow, R., ââ¬Å"America and the Challenges of Religious Diversityâ⬠). doreenhudshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15252934475059412875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-163697003160284902.post-39497773452578218992020-01-27T01:30:00.001-08:002020-01-27T01:30:03.966-08:00The Influence Of Interest Groups In America Politics EssayThe Influence Of Interest Groups In America Politics Essay As we look the history of America we all can see big influence of the interest groups, the interest groups has effected in policy making design in almost every law changing process. The interest group has highly effect of our lives by affecting their views on American government. The interest groups have been complexes dependent upon interaction among individual persons common interest in policy making. The interest group creates formalized only to look after their interest, other word they only function because they to influence policy making movement. The interest group cans lobbying for any cause or reason in any form of law or any regulation. Interest group has access to many types of extra push to make sure they can influence law making process. I think interest groups are one type of the chain which makes influence in policy making .Today, I am going to form interest group and lobbying ageist the local state of Georgia calls the blue law, which is prohibiting any sell of the al cohol on Sunday and also supporting new policy that state government of Georgia should allow to sell alcohol in gas stations and liquor stores. I have lived in Georgia for the last twenty years and I have got several businesses which does sell alcohol. I have work in convince store more than eleven years and almost every Sunday I have to say to my costumers No, sorry I cannot sell beer. As business owner I hate to say that I cannot sell you but I am losing my alcohol sell on every Sunday. People in Georgia have been suffering for really long time that they could not buy beer on Sunday because the governor of Georgia does not sign the bill that was approved by state legislator. The bill went on his desk for two times but he never sine for it just keep saying that he totally believes that Sunday is religious day and people should not buy alcohol. The question of the whether state of the Georgia should allow to sell alcohol on Sunday is very importation issue, allowing alcohol sell on Sunday will bring many positive effects in state of the Georgia. All over in America each state has their own different method of local laws that allow controlling the government. In State of the Georgia we have law of that prohibits sell of any kind of alcohol and beer on Sunday since it is religious day. In this day and time we should not put religious views on our business. The government should not interfere to any types of regulation in business. As I am current owner of the several businesses in Georgia, I have from interest groups which will lobbying ageist the law that prohibits the sell of alcohol and beer on Sunday. The interest group will called Georgia Alcohol Dealers Association and I am going to be president of this group. In short form we can say that GADA which is short name of Georgia Alcohol Dealers Association. As president I will bring all the wholesalers, retailers and people who make the beer and alcohol on one group and we will to fight against this ridicules law that prohibits sell of alcohol in Georgia. Moreover that I wil l bring all the people who will support this group and try to gain local support in state of Georgia. The issue of the not selling alcohol on Sunday is related to public so I will make sure I will try to join everyone who is willing to support my interest group. If I can make it public issue by saying it is totally wrong to people who want to have alcohol drinks. This is going to very strong word because when people here, that this law effects on personal freedom of people they will surely join my group. I will get more people on my side because I will them it is for the public interest, I am sure by doing this I will make my interest group more organized and more stronger. I will also appoint different people different positions like secretary, chief members and board of directors, which will handle different types of task. Talking about how to make interest group I will never forget the words that I read in the book written by Bentley it is called The Process of Government, It is first, last and always activity, action, something doing the shunting by some men of other mens conduct along changed lines, the gathering of forces to overcome resistance to such alterations, or the dispersal of one grouping of forces by another grouping.'(Bentley, 176). In this quote he is trying to show the value of the interest groups. Bentley is trying to say that when you form a group it will make much bigger impact than individual. He is believe in power of the interest group got in system, this is the best example for me and now I will flow his theory and make sure that I will have very strong interest group so I will success in lobbying against the law in Georgia that prohibit the sale of alcohol. In my interest group I will make sure that every individual who is part of the group will band with each other really good and they will help each other out and find the solution of how to change the blue laws in Georgia, by doing this I am sure we will have one effective interest group. Which will make impact on Georgias Governor Sonny Perdue and I will make sure we will reach our goal. I am very confident that my interest group will find large amount of member with same the same cause that I believe in. My main goal is to target the Georgias governor because he is the one who did not sign the bill which he gets on his desk couple times in last three years to allowing sale of alcohol in Georgia. My interest group will prove that a democracy is a system which is rule by the people because the most people in Georgia are against this blue law of state. Sonny Prude will sign this law which will allow selling alcohol in Georgia on Sunday when he see majority of Georgian wants to able to buy alcohol in Georgia. He is public official elected by public and he must acts as name of public on other words he should consider public opinion. Since my interest group is pro business I will get money from all retail business owners who join my interest group. When people or any corporation will contribute any money I will make sure that I will establish a personal relationship and make sure what they want out my interest group. Most likely first I will go to Budweiser and Miller group who got most sell of alcohol in Georgia after that I will get more support of local distributers who will provide alcohol to retailers and last not the least I will go retailers for money to operate and bring all of them together so we will get more outcome of my interest group. If still I need more money I will have couple events where we will try to fundraiser to support all our expenses. I believe that money does not buy power so we have to make ourselves herd we need to get signed by people who support us. I am very sure that more people will support this pro- business policy. Once I make the group I will make them aware of what is wrong with current law and how we need to change it. First, I would let my group know that the current law is effecting on peoples personal freedom who like to buy and drink alcohol on Sunday. This law is because it harms our personal freedom and that why it is un-causational. In America we cannot put churchs law on everyone who lives in state of the Georgia. Moreover that we need to separate the government and church by passing new bill that will allow selling alcohol in Georgia. There is no way this law is making any sense it is just hurting local business. There are also many restaurant owners get in my interest group, they have to pay every year more money just because they have to pay more money to state since they are the only ones who serves alcohol on Sundays. I have talk to many restaurant owners they strongly believe that it is just extra burden on them since they have to pay extra money just to support their sells on alcohol. It is also good when you know what kind of people will argue against your interest group here is one example of one of my customer who strongly believes we should not sell alcohol on Sundays he said that, Many people believe that alcohol consumption is a destabilizing influence in the society harming families and children. Certainly millions of children around the world are negatively impacted by their parents alcoholism. Thousands in the USA are killed every year by drunk drivers. Alcohol sales are not the tax base that funds the city/county infrastructure and community improvements as another poster implied. Rather, they are the beginning point of many burdens on our society. I seriously doubt that the taxes collected on alcohol sales come anywhere near to paying for the negative impacts on our society. This is very true argument but you cannot just stop selling alcohol all over the America or you can not just ban it. I am sure state government is collecting large amount of taxes out of alcohol sell. We should not forget that for those who oppose alcohol sales on Sunday, they too are have a choice just dont buy it. Government of Georgia is dependent on their different tax items to support their state budget. The tax on alcohol is also called sin tax. According to investigation done by MSN money market Georgia is paying highest amount of alcohol tax after Alaska in nation. Normal tax average is around .15 cent on every $ 1 but in Georgia we pay 1.15 cents on every $1 that is more than 100% tax on alcohol. I think it is just not fair who lives in Georgia because they have to pay higher tax on beer and they cannot buy alcohol on Sunday. This law is hurting one of the very key business in Georgia, the club business. One of the biggest clubs of south east is run by my cousin and he said that they could not stay open on Sundays just because they could not serve alcohol. There are more people in Georgia drink in restaurant and drive back home on Sunday just because they do not allow buying alcohol and drinking at their home. These will create unsafe endearment for everyone who is on road on Sunday. There are just more people driving drunk on Sunday than another days of week. If we allow alcohol sale on Sunday most people will drink in their home not in bar and then drive back to home. It will create safe environment for everyone who is on the road. In Georgia we will have less DUI and fewer accidents related to alcohol. It is always win -win situation for the consumers who want to drink on Sunday and local police departments who gets fewer accidents related to alcohol. We live in totally democratic county and we shall not favor any religion over others. The blue law is place based on Christian beliefs. It will show that state of Georgia is supporting Christian religion. I know our country is found on Christian beliefs but our county makes different then rest of others country is that we have allow to follow any religion that we like. Laws like this will create unfairness over other religion. People of the other religion will think that why their belief is not accepted as state law. Thats how our country find it was liberty to all. Just like in Christianity, Hinduism is also prohibit to drink and sell alcohol at all, so people who follow Hinduism will going to ask for the laws that will prohibit and sell on alcohol at all in state of Georgia. I have always wondered why people who have a certain belief feel it necessary to impose their belief on others. As American I always know that we should always look everyone equally and laws like this makes tot ally wrong, and if you Christian and if you do not want to sell or buy alcohol you can do that too. There is no way we can punish entire people of Georgia by not allowing the alcohol sale. I also read in books that people who go in church drinks wine anyways so there is no way they mind over selling or buying alcohol. If state of Georgia allows selling alcohol on Sunday, they get more money as sales tax and it help to cover the Georgias deficit which is around 2 billion dollars according to AJC. Mayor of Atlanta Deke Copenhagen said on one of his interview that if we allow to sell alcohol in Georgia we will have overcome the deficit in budget, which is great thing for state Georgia if we overcome the deficit .We could also boost our tourism because it will be convince for the people who is coming from outside of Georgia who really wants to have fun by drinking beer and wine on Sunday. I know there are people who always go outside of Georgias state borderline like in Alabama, Florida and Tennessee to buy alcohol. This way we are hurting our own business in Georgia because people do go outside of state to get beer and alcohol. It is one of the big drawbacks that businesses are taking in Georgia State. en the state and church. This law effects on peoples personal freedom who like to buy and drink alcohol on Sunday. To push my policy on step further I will make one opinion poll and mail it to everyone in state of Georgia who is related with alcohol business. This way I will also publish my policy to gain more areas that I will not cover and I will get peoples opinion and there is another poll that had been take place before. This is very important key to my interest group because if I get positive poll saying that majority of Georgian people wants to buy alcohol on Sunday. This poll is very important, it will show the strong evidence to prove that people of Georgia is really supporting this policy. In that mailing I will include different question among them I make sure that I will include that if you ever try to buy alcohol on Sunday? And I will also ask that if you go church on every Sunday? Asking question like this makes people think that we do not need to law because it does not have any logic. In this technology era, I will also use computers to also push my policy. I did make a web page where my interest group member can log in and also can blog our achievements. On the web page I will also add petition where you can sign it and it will directly e mail to me and also to governor of the Georgia. I will also make Google group and facebook group to get more support from students from all over the Georgias colleges. This way I can introduce my policy to young people who use computers regularly. Creating groups online will bring more attestations and we get more longtime support, doing this I share my thoughts and other peoples views. I might get some important contacts or important information out of my web page which will help to get succeed in lobbying. I will also have this link that I find where you can go and sine the petition called Sunday Alcohol Sale in Georgia doing this people can put their information on petition and sine it witches will go directly state representative. It will be really effective because when I will have more and more people sine for it so we will have our interest group stronger. Work cited Arthur Bentley, The Process of Government, Page. 176. blog.al.com/breaking/2009/12/limestone_county_church_loses.html. http://articles.moneycentral.msn.com/Taxes/best-and-worst-taxes-by-state.aspx doreenhudshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15252934475059412875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-163697003160284902.post-60911839718674173162020-01-18T21:51:00.001-08:002020-01-18T21:51:04.917-08:00Moral Mutation and the apocalyptic future EssayThe two texts, the film and the book, were set in a post-Hiroshima world where arsenals were being further improved to generate a more efficient way to participate in warfare and be the leader in these developments. By lumping two stories together in an analysis, it is inevitable for traits to be observed in the chosen texts. Dewey in his analysis of Catââ¬â¢s Cradle described Dr. Hoenikker as a ââ¬Å"man-child curiously unfamiliar with concepts such as sin and Godâ⬠(57). He then identified in the doctor a ââ¬Å"moral mutation who believes with Faustian pride that humanity can manipulate, dominate, even annihilate natureâ⬠(57). When the Russians and the Americans in Dr. Strangelove developed their own military hardware in order to upstage the enemy and scare them into submission they demonstrated the characteristics of this mutation. Because of the belief that man can dominate nature, these weapons were made to possess qualities that rivalled the greatest strength of the natural world. Hence, should the enemy ever attack, they could immediately launch a counter-attack and prove their superiority. The will to dominate and annihilate nature is not the only characteristic of this moral mutation. Egocentrism plays a focal point in this mutation, for it fuels the foolishness of the characters and magnifies their ignorance. Dr. Hoenikker announced that he saw himself as a child that allowed curiosity to get the better of him and strove to study anything that caught his interest. All his studies he did for himself and he seemed to have no regard for others: he did not take good care of his wife who turned her back on everything for him; he pulled out Angela from school because he wanted someone to take care of him; and he never considered the effects of his inventions, he saw them only as playthings and never thought of the consequences that will affect the lives of millions of people. Westfahl interprets this as a jab at notion that the scientist can be relieved of responsibility in developing such instruments because he is only interested in science and not in wealth and fame (957). After his death, his children distributed the ice-nine between themselves, as he had neglected to keep such a dangerous substance in an appropriate place. The children used the seed crystal to suit their own wants, provided warring powers with the weapon and caused the apocalypse. General Jack D. Ripper acts as the Dr. Hoenikker of Dr. Strangelove. He allowed a theory that he had formed out of sexual fatigue to dictate his decisions as a general; he was too confident in his analysis of the situation and stubbornly stood by his actions, not bothering to consult with other officials. In the last stages before the explosions, he never checked on how the people around him were doing and only worried of what will become of him should his building be stormed and his enemies come after him. In the end, he chose to save himself rather than face the consequences of his actions. The two texts present the end of the world in a manner of a ticking bomb. The countdown in Catââ¬â¢s Cradle starts after the reader is made aware that the events presented lead to the unfortunate end. In Dr. Strangelove, the countdown is in the form of time-measure; the length of time it would take for the B-52s to reach their targets thus activating the doomsday device. Looking at the two texts, the direct causes of the end of the world stand on a far distance from the other. Dr. Strangeloveââ¬â¢s tension before the cataclysm was between two world powers, and elements that sprout from this tension eventually sprouted the doom. The filmââ¬â¢s end was caused by the actions of people and abrupt: showing only scenes of the bomb explosions but none of what happened after. Perhaps this hinted that nothing survived after the event and it was truly the there were no more stories to tell. In Catââ¬â¢s Cradle, what caused the end was the body of a dictator of a small island which nobody wanted to rule. The narrator believed that this was destined and all that he experienced were pointing to that event and to his destiny after the apocalypse. As he still had something to accomplish after the ice-nine incident, Jonah kept accounts of what had happened up until the point he meets Bokonon face to face. The two texts tackle different viewpoints regarding scientific development and the participation of people in history. The suggestions and portrayals of Catââ¬â¢s Cradle may not completely coincide with those of Dr. Strangeloveââ¬â¢s, but similarities still exist between the two texts. Dewey, Joseph. In a dark time: the apocalyptic temper in the American novel of the nuclear age. Indiana: Purdue University Press. 1990. Dr Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb . Dir. Stanley Kubrick. Perf. Peter Sellers, George C. Scott, Slim Pickens, Sterling Hayden, James Earl Jones. 1964. DVD. Columbia Pictures, 2004. mininova. Catââ¬â¢s Cradle. 1 June 2009. Westfahl, Gary. The Greenwood encyclopedia of science fiction and fantasy: themes, works, and wonders. Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. 2005. doreenhudshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15252934475059412875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-163697003160284902.post-16217875102650813772020-01-10T18:15:00.001-08:002020-01-10T18:15:04.238-08:00Compare the relationship and characters EssayAs Winston continues to write his diary, he begins to write it as though it were for Oââ¬â¢Brien to read. Despite the fact that Winston has been having a relationship with a woman called Julia, he still feels the need to look toward Oââ¬â¢Brien for approval of his ideas. When Oââ¬â¢Brien invites him to his house, Winston begins to believe that in fact, Oââ¬â¢Brien is a conspirator against the Party. Winston visits Oââ¬â¢Brien and admits to being a ââ¬Å"thought criminalâ⬠. Oââ¬â¢Brien tells Winston that ââ¬Å"The Brotherhoodâ⬠, a shadowy organisation run by Emmanuel Goldstein that is working against ââ¬Å"the Partyâ⬠, does indeed exist. Oââ¬â¢Brien is thorough and concise in his explanation. We see very subtle clues however, that Oââ¬â¢Brien could be leading Winston into a trap. He is unsurprised to hear Winston repeat the quote from his dream ââ¬Å"we shall meet again in the place where there is no darknessâ⬠and repeats it himself as though it were repetition of a previously held conversation ââ¬Å"ââ¬Ëin the place where there is no darknessââ¬â¢ he said, as though he had recognised the allusion. â⬠(Page 185) He also sayââ¬â¢s earlier ââ¬Å"we are the deadâ⬠(Page 183). This was something Winston had said earlier in the book that Oââ¬â¢Brien couldnââ¬â¢t have heard unless he had been spying on him. Despite this Winstonââ¬â¢s admiration grows for Oââ¬â¢Brien to almost worship. Again this reinforces Winstonââ¬â¢s weakness. Despite the fact that Oââ¬â¢Brien could easily be a member of the thought Police attempting to entrap him, he is quite willing to admit to being a thought criminal. Even though Oââ¬â¢Brien gave off a suggestion that he may have been spying on him, Winston suspicion is not aroused and in fact his admiration of Oââ¬â¢Brien is increased. Oââ¬â¢Brien seems to be everything Winston is not. Winston is neurotic, nervous and physically weak. He lacks the power to change the world he lives in and looks to others to take the initiative and lead him in his revolt against the system. Oââ¬â¢Brien is so calm, cool and collected. He gives off an air of inner strength and power this is accentuated by his strong physical form. Despite this he also has a softer, kindly side to his nature. He seems to have all the answers to Winstonââ¬â¢s questions and makes him feel safe ââ¬Å"When you looked at Oââ¬â¢Brienââ¬â¢s powerful shoulders and his blunt-featured face, so ugly yet so civilised, it was impossible to believe he could be defeatedâ⬠(Page 183). Winston shows all the classic signs of looking toward Oââ¬â¢Brien as a father figure. Later on after receiving ââ¬Å"the bookâ⬠from Oââ¬â¢Brien, a piece that Documents the true state of the world and how to bring down the party, Winston is captured by ââ¬Å"The Thought Policeâ⬠He is taken to the ââ¬Å"Ministry of Loveâ⬠There are no windows and the lights are constantly on. Suddenly the statement ââ¬Å"the place where there is no darknessâ⬠comes into focus. What had seemed like a positive analogy with the Darkness alluding to the unpleasant world of 1984 is turned on its head. What was really meant was that the place where there is no darkness is actually a jail, where the lights are never turned off. Winston still has a blind faith in Oââ¬â¢Brien and futilely believes that Oââ¬â¢Brien may try and save him. However, Oââ¬â¢Brien and Winston are about to meet again, but their relationship is about to enter a new stage. When Oââ¬â¢Brien appears at the door of his cell, Winston even now deludes himself into thinking that Oââ¬â¢Brien has been captured. However he soon puts Winston straight indicating that he is Winstonââ¬â¢s incarcerator and telling him ââ¬Å"You knew this Winstonâ⬠and adds ââ¬Å"you have always known itâ⬠(both Page 251). After a series of beating that degrade Winston to a state of almost complete humiliation, Oââ¬â¢Brien begins to interrogate him. Oââ¬â¢Brien begins by breaking him down with a series of torture techniques and drugs. In one instance, Oââ¬â¢Brien takes Winstonââ¬â¢s symbolic stance that ââ¬Å"Freedom is the Freedom to say 2 + 2 = 4â⬠and through a series of Electrocutions makes Winston start to believe that 2 + 2 actually = 5. Oââ¬â¢Brien tells Winston that by controlling memory and records, that ââ¬Å"The Partyâ⬠can dictate reality ââ¬Å"who controls the past controls the future and who controls the future controls the pastâ⬠(Page 260). Oââ¬â¢Brien also tells Winston that they do not intend to punish him, but simply convert him to their ways of thought, before he is executed. Oââ¬â¢Brien has undoubtedly become Winstonââ¬â¢s tormentor, putting him through horrendous torture. He has broken Winston down and begins to undermine all of his free thinking ideas. Oââ¬â¢Brien and Winston move toward a Teacher/Pupil relationship. Like a promising student Winston questions Oââ¬â¢Brienââ¬â¢s beliefs, forcing him to justify them. Whilst Oââ¬â¢Brien almost sees Winston as a proti gi e, trying to show Winston the error of his ways ââ¬Å"He had the air of a Doctor, a Teacher, even a Priest, anxious to explain and persuade rather than punish. â⬠Oââ¬â¢Brien also displays an ability to read Winstonââ¬â¢s mind. It may be that he has a telepathic power, but it could also be the scientific approach that Oââ¬â¢Brien seems to take with everything he does. He is an expert in the subject of thought. I believe that he has studied Winston in immense detail over many years and can actually predict his thought patterns. Oââ¬â¢Brien has already thought out their conversations in his head and predicted Winstonââ¬â¢s responses. He is an experienced interrogator and probable member of the Thought Police. It is likely he is able to pick up from a personââ¬â¢s expressions and body language what they may be thinking. I also think that the link between them may have seen Oââ¬â¢Brien take a special interest in Winston, maybe the same thought patterns had crossed Oââ¬â¢Brienââ¬â¢s mind at some stage in his life. Eventually Winston is almost completely ââ¬Å"curedâ⬠. However, he retains his love of Julia. Oââ¬â¢Brien decides to expose him to his worst fear in Room 101. Winston wears a mask that allows rats to be released on his face. He has an immense fear of Ratââ¬â¢s and finally screams out for them to be released on Julia instead of him. Finally Oââ¬â¢Brien has reached through into his soul and Winston is truly defeated. The book ends with Winston drinking coffee in a bar where Traitors live out their days before execution. Winston has abandoned all his ideas of free thought and rebellion. He realises that rather than hating Big Brother, he actually loves Big Brother. Oââ¬â¢Brien and Winstonââ¬â¢s relationship goes through several stages. It starts with Winston seeing Oââ¬â¢Brien as a hope, somebody who might be having the same thoughts as him. Then he believes Oââ¬â¢Brien will be the freedom fighter who will put an end to the totalitarian state the world has become. Finally he becomes Winstonââ¬â¢s tormentor, inflicting pain on him in order to ââ¬Å"cureâ⬠him of his ââ¬Å"diseaseâ⬠. Through all this though Oââ¬â¢Brien and Winstonââ¬â¢s relationship maintains a theme. Winston looks up to Oââ¬â¢Brien as somebody with immense Power, who can protect him and control his destiny. Even during torture when Oââ¬â¢Brien is unseen Winston believes he is there, orchestrating the beatings and keeping him alive. He believes blindly throughout that Oââ¬â¢Brien is his saviour. In the end perhaps Oââ¬â¢Brien does become his saviour. Winston finally is released from the fear of Big Brother and detection for thought crime. He loves Big Brother and looks forward to his execution. In the end, despite the tragedy of his failure, Winston finally seems to be able to face his fate alone. doreenhudshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15252934475059412875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-163697003160284902.post-33136944493088044362020-01-02T14:39:00.001-08:002020-01-02T14:39:03.297-08:00Humanities doreenhudshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15252934475059412875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-163697003160284902.post-54707510914459284242019-12-25T11:06:00.001-08:002019-12-25T11:06:03.715-08:00Australian Car Manufacturing Industry Comes to an End Introduction It is believed that the Australian car manufacturing industry has come to an end. The following essay will argue that the government should not provide finances to save the automotive manufacturing industry. There is a continuous debate between the shareholders of the automotive businesses and the Australian citizens on what should be done with this issue. In order to determine the strength of the argument, the following essay will completely analyze relevant information; examine the affects of moving production to overseas, why production is being moved? Take a look at who is to blame and what the media says should be done? The car manufacturing industry is a large enterprise and supplies employment for more than 45,000 people and indirectly employs nearly 200,000 (Cassin, 2013). However it is believed that the Australian government should not provide funds to the car manufactures, Australia cannot compete with the larger automotive manufacturing countries. The statistics of 2013 show that, 1.13 million cars were sold, out of that figure just over 100,000 were purchased locally made. This tells us that less than 10% of Australianââ¬â¢s actually bought an Australian manufactured car (Smith, 2014). If we arenââ¬â¢t going to buy them who will? Affects of moving production? It is assumed that the Australian car production industry employs more than 200,000 jobs indirectly (Cassin, 2013). Therefore moving production overseas will cut a massive hole in the employmentShow MoreRelatedCorporate Social Responsibility : An Examination Of The Performance Of Toyota Motoring Corporation Australia1383 Words à |à 6 Pagescompany is the last major player in a dying industry? The story of what is and has happened behind Toyota Motoring Corporation Australia (TMCA) in recent years is an interesting look at what obligations industry has to society and at what point it simply becomes unsustainable to continue production even if stopping meant closing down the industry in a whole country. Toyota is Australiaââ¬â¢s biggest car manufacturer by far comprising of 39.5% of the industry (Toyota Motor Corporation Australia LimitedRead MoreEssay on Motor Vehicle Manufacturing in Australia1804 Words à |à 8 PagesMotor Vehicle Manufacturing in Australia INDUSTRY ANALYSIS Overview Thomson (2003) explains that the manufacturing of motor vehicles is a global game. Thomson (2003) argues that Australia does not really have domestic businesses that manufacture motor vehicles as the three major car makers (GM Holden, Ford and Toyota) are all subsidiaries of foreign companies. However, this is not the case, GM Holden for example produces many cars a year in Australia for Australian consumers as well asRead MoreAustralia s Automotive Industry Overview1783 Words à |à 8 Pages1. Australiaââ¬â¢s Automotive industry overview The Automotive industry in Australia is composed of a variety of smaller industries that have performed unsteadily over the five years through 2015-16. Motor vehicle wholesalers and dealers have been supported by high sales of new cars and the increasing numbers of motor vehicles registered on Australian roads have benefited service agents. On the other hand, local motor vehicle producers have a complex scenario because high petrol prices during theRead MoreTata Motors : Financial Capital Of India1953 Words à |à 8 Pagesvehicle manufacturing company and designs and manufactures cars, buses, trucks, vans, military vehicles and construction equipment. The company has sold its vehicles in several countries across Africa, Middle East, South East Asia, and South America. It has established joint venture assembly operations in Bangladesh, Ukraine. Most of the people recognize Tata Motors through Tata Nano. Tata Nano was a dream and brainchild of Ratan Tata, Tata Groupââ¬â¢s Chairman. It was marketed as Rs. 1 Lakh car and alsoRead MoreA Report On Australian Auto Manufacturing Industry2189 Words à |à 9 PagesExecutive Summary- The Government of Australia granted $500 million every year to car manufacturing industry in Australia. Australian auto manufacturing industry confronts a genuine unverifiable future. In the present day, Australia produces just 225,000 engine vehicles. This is an industry that depends intensely on the economies of scale and it is of prime significance to accomplish costs competitiveness, in any case it is the present volume that is to a great degree disillusioning. This likewiseRead MoreMajor Management Issues Faced By Toyota Australia2091 Words à |à 9 Pagesidentify two major management issues faced by Toyota Australia due to closure of their manufacturing plant in Australia. The essay shall analyse, apply and discuss the two different Organisation Theory lenses i.e. Stakeholders Theory and Power Politics to understand the current issues being faced by the Toyotaââ¬â¢s organization. Topics such as the introduction of the Toyota, its announcement of closure of car industry, im pacts on various stakeholders have been discussed further in this essay. INTRODUCTIONRead MoreThe Economy And Specific Markets2109 Words à |à 9 Pageschanges in product prices and how firms decide what prices to chargeâ⬠(Hubbard et.al, 2013, pg.14). Consumer demand for cars, consumer income, payment options available to the consumer and the cost of running the vehicle are all factors in which contribute to microeconomic analysis of the current car market. Consumer Demand for Cars Cars play a pivotal role in todayââ¬â¢s society. Having a car means that the individual has increased independence and security, and are the main source of travelling to and fromRead MoreMarketing Plan of Toyota Essay4585 Words à |à 19 Pages1. Executive Summary Toyota Motor Corporation Australia (Toyota, Australia) which deals with a wide range of car segments has manufactured the Prius Car in the automotive industry which is one of the best hybrid synergy drive in today business environment. And provide a competitive advantage to other business by achieving and environmental friendly car and providing the best efficient fuel system. The report begins with the introduction of the company where brief background informationRead MoreThe roaring twenties in Australia2952 Words à |à 12 Pagesthe character of Australian society from 1920 to 1929 depends on the circumstances of the Australian population in this decade, because Roaring implies the 1920s were full of dramatic social changes, which may have came about from spontaneous economical or political incidences and new inventions. In the 1920s Australian politics was dominated by the conservative parties and, despite some industrial discontent and hardship, the economy was prosperous and expanding. Australian society was experiencingRead MoreMarketing for Holden3443 Words à |à 14 Pagesalso ease the pressure of competition and reduce the cost. The report mainly discuss that Australian Holden may enter Chinese market and chooses Shanghai as the target market. The report firstly analyzes the Australian and Chinese market and briefly introduces Shanghai. Then it presents the market-entry strategies and focuses on comparison on the advantages and disadvantages of Export-based entry and manufacturing-based entry. Through the comparison, the export-based entry is recommended to Holden. Finally doreenhudshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15252934475059412875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-163697003160284902.post-59253189364686843542019-12-17T06:56:00.001-08:002019-12-17T06:56:02.985-08:00Nike and International Labor Practices - 1807 Words Nike and International Labor Practices Nike has long been known as the only brand of shoes to wear. Since its inception in the early 1970s, teenagers have seen the brandââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"swooshâ⬠as a mark of cool. With their celebrity endorsements with people like Tiger Woods, kids have wanted the shoes so that they could be like their sports star. Nike was headed to the top rung of the athletic shoe industry until it hit trouble in the 1990s with news leaking out about labor violations in its factories overseas. Executive Summary Nikeââ¬â¢s company strategy is a clever one. One that founder Phil Knight thought of while still in school at Stanford. Instead of paying Americans to put together Nikeââ¬â¢s shoes, Knight thought that it would be a betterâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Threat of New Entrants Up until 1997, Nike did not have to worry about new companies taking away much, if any, of its market share. With Nikeââ¬â¢s clever marketing scheme to ingrain the brand nameââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"swooshâ⬠into every person in America with the use of huge sports stars, no company stood to make any dent in Nikeââ¬â¢s market share. But when America found out that their beloved shoes were being made by 12-year-olds being paid $2.50 per day in Indonesia, many turned anti-Nike and no longer promoted the ââ¬Å"swooshâ⬠(Glenn). This is when new symbols like Adidasââ¬â¢s three stripes logo came into public view. These other brands started to take away some of Nikeââ¬â¢s market sh are and these new logos began to be seen all over America in place of Nikeââ¬â¢s. Buyer Power The nineties were a time where Nikeââ¬â¢s potential customers showed how much power they have over Nike. When word got out about Nikeââ¬â¢s use of underage workers and the bad conditions they are forced to work in, its customers decided to not buy Nikeââ¬â¢s products and consequently, the companyââ¬â¢s revenues fell sharply. People discovered that a typical Nike shoe costs only $22.50 for Nike to make and they sell it for close to $100 while paying the laborers who made the shoes not even enough to live on. Stories of people being killed in Nikeââ¬â¢s overseas factories and working in conditionsShow MoreRelatedNike And International Labor Practices1207 Words à |à 5 PagesHitting the Wall: Nike and International Labor Practices Nike is one of the most popular and successful footwear brands, and there are many manufacturing factories in different countries. In this case, it talks about Nikeââ¬â¢s international labor practice between1980s to 1990s. At the beginning of the case, it mentions Nike started to attract teenagersââ¬â¢ attentions in 1970s, besides that, Nikeââ¬â¢s revenue reached the first highest peak in 1980s by increasing not only the footwear styles but also the celebrityRead MoreHitting the Wall: Nike and International Labor Practices1368 Words à |à 6 Pages1) Which criticisms leveled against Nike do you consider to be fair? Explain. Nike s corporate practices are good indicators that the company is only interested in exploiting low wages in third world countries. This is indicated by investing in these countries through worker training or human resource investment but has continually shifted its operation to the country with a lower wage. Nike is in control of its subcontractors Ãâ" They dictate the price of a shoe and the cost of operation toRead MoreUnethical Business Practice: Nike1499 Words à |à 6 Pagesplays a major role in these challenges that are faced by Nike. As we know that government laws and regulations differ from country to country and this makes manufacturing of products very difficult challenge for the international companies like Nike. The host governments have laws concerns against consumer protection, information and labeling, employment, wages and salaries and safety of the workers who work in those firms. The international organizations must keep these rules and regulations in theirRead MoreEthical Companies with Unethical Practices Essay1514 Words à |à 7 PagesEthical Companies with Unethical Practices Introduction American business should not be permitted to claim it is an ethical firm if it ignores unethical practices by its international suppliers. For the purpose of this assignment I will use the Nike Company to highlight its unethical practices. Despite the popularity of Nike in the American market, it has been accused of exploiting employees abroad. The corporate social responsibility stipulates that a company should maximize its profit and minimizesRead MoreChild Labor During A Nike Factory1666 Words à |à 7 PagesCHILD LABOR IN A NIKE FACTORY IN PAKISTAN Abstract This paper especially focuses on the problem of Child Labor in Pakistan with respect to the case of the world-renowned sports brand Nike and its use of children in its factories in Pakistan. A set of laws that can be established to eradicate this evil from Pakistan have been elaborated upon in the paper, these proposals include the Trafficking Victim Protection Reauthorization Act (TVPRA), the International Human Right Treaty by the General AssemblyRead MoreEssay Nike- Ethical Issues1454 Words à |à 6 PagesAnalysis: Nike Introduction Nike was established in 1972 by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight. These two men were visionaries. The goal for Nike was to carry on Bowermanââ¬â¢s legacy of innovative thinking by helping every athlete reach their goal or by creating lucrative business opportunities that would set the company apart from any competition. This included providing quality work environments for all who were employed by Nike. Read MoreNike: the Sweatshop Debate Essay1494 Words à |à 6 PagesNike: The Sweatshop Debate MGT/448 May 31, 2010 Instructor: Adrianne Ford Nike: The Sweatshop Debate The purpose and intent of this paper is to describe the legal, cultural, and ethical challenges that face the Nike Corporation in their global business ventures. This paper will also touch on the roles of the host government and countries where Nike manufactures their products and the author will summarize the strategic and operational challenges that Nike managers face in globalization ofRead MoreCross Cultural Perspective ââ¬â Nike Corporation Essay1121 Words à |à 5 PagesPerspective ââ¬â Nike Corporation In this essay, I will attempt to present an analysis of the ethics and social responsibility issues that an organization can face when it is a global organization. One of the most recognized organizations globally would without a doubt have to be the Nike Corporation. Several years ago the Nike Corporation came under fire for using child labor in Pakistan and Cambodia to make their soccer balls. Because Nike came under fire for this unethical and inhumane practice, the organizationRead MoreOutsourcing Practices of Adidas, Converse, Nike, and Reebok1079 Words à |à 4 PagesOutsourcing Practices of Adidas, Converse, Nike and Reebok Introduction Apparel and shoe manufacturers continued to offload the more costly yet easily replicated part so their business models to concentrate on brand building, marketing, sales and attaining greater distribution channels globally. These are the pressures all apparel and shoe manufacturers face, and it is particularly challenging in the athletic show industry (Kynge, 2009). Adidas, Converse, Nike and Reebok have been outsourcingRead More Leadership Ethics and Culture Essay1587 Words à |à 7 Pagesprogram. In other words, Siemens leadership chose to ignore their established ethics and compliance program which created an unethical environment. Kellogg Brown and Root (KBR) a subsidiary of Halliburton headquarters in Houston, Texas is an international, technology-based engineering and construction company. The company provides a full spectrum of industry-services to the hydrocarbon, chemical, energy, forest products, and manufacturing industry. KBR is one of the largest United States government doreenhudshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15252934475059412875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-163697003160284902.post-43608398739690166732019-12-09T03:38:00.001-08:002019-12-09T03:38:04.461-08:00My Grandparents and Unconditional Love Essay Example For Students My Grandparents and Unconditional Love Essay Bigma and Grandpa were the ultimate parents; not just because they were my grandparents, but because they went above and beyond to make sure that their family was well taken care of. They were Godly people and tried to live their lives according to the Word. They were actually my great grandparents and raised three generations without one gripe or complaint and did it with love and joy. They were born and raised in SpartanburgSC but moved to Flint, MI many years ago when grandpa went to work at. Bigma really didnââ¬â¢t work but she was home raising kids and grand kids and once I and my older brother were born she than raised great grand kids. My parents were in the military when we born so we lived with them in flint til about the age of three when he retired and we moved back to Spartanburg. Bigma was the type of woman that accepted all children as her children, neighborhood kids, friend s at school, even kids from the church. She would cook enough dinner to feed the neighborhood because she k new they were coming. She showed me how a lady should be and carry myself as such. She taught me to always use proper English and expand my vocabulary, good posture, morals, respect for other and self-respect. Most of all she showed me self-worth and how to be humble. As a kid I thought they were old fashioned because they were older and I would always say this is a new generation. Once my parents were out the military we stayed a few more yrs. but later went home but we came to visit every summer and would spend the entire summer. I loved her and loved spending time with her we would wake up to Regis and Kathy lee and later the Soaps. She showed me how to straighten hair and braid hair. She got me my first sewing machine and showed me how to make dress and pillows and other things. She taught me how to cook and properly apply makeup. We would sit and play 500 and rummy for hours then watch WWF. She loved her some stone cold Steve Austin. Grandpa was a more serious man he hated my foolery and thought I was so rotten lol and it was my grandmotherââ¬â¢s fault. I used to wake him up when he was napping, bother him while he was watching his westerns and Matlock then when he would get fed up he would chase me with his shoe and I would run straight to my grandmother and hide behind her. But he showed me what a man was supposed to be a provider my protector and most of all a leader. Grandpa was a well-respected trustworthy and honest man and was acknowledged everywhere he went by everyone. He was a man of his word and his word was his bond. He woke up about 4:30 -5 am every morning he went and got his breakfast and made us breakfast and never missed a day. But I remember he used to always forget to turn off alarm before opening door to get the paper and burn the toast and set off smoke detectors in the kitchen. He brought Bigma breakfast in bed every morning with her coffee. He always made sure we looked nice and presentable when we went out the door. He would go to his favorite store (JC Pennyââ¬â¢s and get our school clothes and clothes for church. He woke up every morning and drove 20-30 mins to take us to school and pick us up from our after school functions. He never missed a program sporting event or graduation, well except for my high school because he was sick and he passed a couple weeks following. He went to church every Sunday and made sure we went and gave us a quarter 2 dimes and a nickel for offering. Looking back, I realized they did everything they did to prepare me for life and have a bright future. They always said we can be whatever we want to be. .u02dcc60da18a4ea9b76b9e36dff51e70 , .u02dcc60da18a4ea9b76b9e36dff51e70 .postImageUrl , .u02dcc60da18a4ea9b76b9e36dff51e70 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u02dcc60da18a4ea9b76b9e36dff51e70 , .u02dcc60da18a4ea9b76b9e36dff51e70:hover , .u02dcc60da18a4ea9b76b9e36dff51e70:visited , .u02dcc60da18a4ea9b76b9e36dff51e70:active { border:0!important; } .u02dcc60da18a4ea9b76b9e36dff51e70 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u02dcc60da18a4ea9b76b9e36dff51e70 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u02dcc60da18a4ea9b76b9e36dff51e70:active , .u02dcc60da18a4ea9b76b9e36dff51e70:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u02dcc60da18a4ea9b76b9e36dff51e70 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u02dcc60da18a4ea9b76b9e36dff51e70 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u02dcc60da18a4ea9b76b9e36dff51e70 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u02dcc60da18a4ea9b76b9e36dff51e70 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u02dcc60da18a4ea9b76b9e36dff51e70:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u02dcc60da18a4ea9b76b9e36dff51e70 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u02dcc60da18a4ea9b76b9e36dff51e70 .u02dcc60da18a4ea9b76b9e36dff51e70-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u02dcc60da18a4ea9b76b9e36dff51e70:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Being a Stay-at-Home Stepfather EssayShe always greeted me in the morning with good morning Miss America as she did all the girls and the guys as Mr. President of the US. Even though theyââ¬â¢re gone now I still here there voices and see their facial expressions when I go to slouch or use incorrect grammar and in the way I carry myself. They lived long enough to make sure everyone would be okay once they were gone. And I will forever be thankful for everything and opportunities they allowed me to have. I push myself to be great every day because I know theyââ¬â¢re looking down watching and smiling with their heads held high. doreenhudshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15252934475059412875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-163697003160284902.post-73774359961573329132019-12-01T15:20:00.001-08:002019-12-01T15:20:03.494-08:00Sound and Space Importance of sound Life is made meaningful through the five senses present in human beings. The experiences that people go through are facilitated through the senses that enable people to decipher the messages contained in the sounds that they hear. Seeing and hearing are touted as the most fundamental and can only be compared to food and water, the most basic human need.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sound and Space specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The sonic impressions created by hearing do to a greater extent help in determining visual impressions that are created by sight. Sounds, together with images have been developed and they form the basis of the creative arts sector in many countries1. Just as hearing comes top among the senses, music is ranked above all other arts. Art uses both visual and sound impressions. However, sound has proven to be more powerful over visual images in the world of art. From b irth, human beings use sound qualities and later on during gradual maturity use the expressive qualities found in speech and music to familiarize themselves with the qualities of life. The invaluable experiences offered by music and other sound qualities help in human development and self-discovery through communication2. In the long history of human development, one of the most important factors that have characterized that development is the concept of sound. Is has been one of the crucial deciding factors in the development and advancement of society as well as its sustenance in the dynamic world. Many cultures including Indian and Vedic have myths that seek to explain the mysterious nature of sound. These myths explore the existence of the soul before the existence of the earth and how sound developed after the universe came to exists. In Indian culture, for instance sound was regarded highly that it is classified as one of the characteristics of ether, one of the elements of na ture. They ancient Indians believed that sound pervaded everything3. The existence of sound in the world is crucial to the creation of perception and presence that determine the shape of the world. Sound according to Thompson creates perception, emotional, spiritual, and psychological spaces (50). Through the above elements, understanding within ourselves, the environment and between human beings is enhanced. Communication too is enhanced through sound and space.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the same note, the importance of sonic space and the experience that it creates in everyday human life comes to the fore. In the middle of the sonic experience is the space and human beings. This presents a complicated relationship that intensely involves the audible domain and the visceral involvement with architects of sonics that work on structures to transform space to a sonic exper ience4. There is a unique articulation of space and place in the interactive sound environment that are helpful to human brings in their efforts in engaging with the immediate environment. In the experiment for instance, a subtly performative medium done in an immersive environment will help transform the space to a sonic experience effectively casting the listener as a creator and performative agent5. An important point to note is the characterization of interactive environments like walled rooms by an interface that aids in triggering sonic material from the axial coordinate location of an interactive agent within an architectural space. The triggering may be done by direct triggers like objects including wall boxes, floor pads and light beams. The sound is generated and recorded and plays itself out regardless of the morphology of the person interacting with them6. This is possible because the sonic content of objects installed with fixed morphological structures that are acquire d when samples of the sound are generated and recorded. There is a variance on interactive input because of the collage of objects that are used in the experiment and they provide a direct relationship between the qualities of the interactive gestures and the sonic outcomes. Perhaps the most important role that sound plays in the development of human beings as well as the day-to-day lives is the nurturing of emotion. Through sound, human beings are able to learn and feel emotions while attaching meaning to them.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sound and Space specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Emotions help transform human beings to social beings capable of feeling. After learning emotions, human beings use the sonic arts to communicate the emotions to fellow human beings in their quest to have corresponding real life experiences7. An emotional being through socialization is transformed to a social being. The pres ervation of quality sounds reinforces sound integrity to ensure human beings get the best of the sounds that we use and those that we get through music and other sonic arts. The social being is developed through the sounds he/ she hears. Itââ¬â¢s important to note that there exists a wide variety of sounds that help human beings to develop full social beings. Itââ¬â¢s also important to add that it helps when human beings are exposed to various sounds because it helps the above said development. To ensure that quality sound is made and is available for human social development, recording was introduced. Recording was a big step in the development and storage of music and quality sounds that help human beings develop. Through recording relationship between sound and space and there are numerous sonic transformations that can be achieved8. There is more to the projection of sound into space than meets the eye. Space is more than a container for sound. Sound has the ability to def ine space through the creation of metaphorical walls. When sound happens in space, there is a regular process that helps waves traverse the distance between the source and the ear. An important element in this relationship between sound and space is the existence of a common structural design that can be referred to as architectonics9. This experiment will address the behavior of sonic qualities of space as well as the spatial characteristics of sound. Itââ¬â¢s helped that through the experiment, the important role that sound and/ or silence plays in giving space its sonic qualities will be brought out. Throughout time, there have been sonic and spatial constructions that have been useful in defining places in time. They will also be looked at albeit briefly to underscore the importance they played in the transformation of space to a sonic experience. The literature and experiment will be dedicated to the explanation of sound and space applications that include architectural crea tion of sonic spaces, landscapes and sculptures.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sonic space The acoustic coloration can be described as the sonic space. The sonic space is crucial in how people hear and perceive interact with sound in their environment. Particularly important especially in the experiment is the human interaction aspect with sonic space. Human interaction with space can be primitive or cultural and emotional. Human beings primitively gather raw sonic data for instance reverberation and echo. Additionally, cultural and emotional sonic interaction with space evokes higher cognitive processes in human beings10. Itââ¬â¢s important to recognize the importance of sonic space in the virtual worlds. In games, for instance there is realistic sound simulation that brings the foley effects, atmospheric sound and sound effects. Additionally, sonic space enhances the emotional aspects of a scene through narration and music. Sonic space in games brings out the realistic sound simulation that includes dialogue. The experimentââ¬â¢s main objective of tran sforming space to a sonic experience can be used to enhance information communication and education. According to Wade, the interaction between human beings and sonic space is more than just a primitive reaction to the environment. The process involves the use of raw data gathering abilities which are largely primitive, perception which are also primitive characteristics of higher cognition and high impact listening that are also part of higher cognition. The illustrations that follow will demonstrate this in a room environment that will form the wider context of the experiment (46). Source: Landy, Leigh. Whatââ¬â¢s the Matter with Todayââ¬â¢s Experimental Music?: Organized Sound too Rarely Heard. Chur, Reading: Harwood Academic Press, 1991. Print. This is primitive raw data gathering in a room environment. There is also perception which is primitive raw data gathering and higher cognition in a room environment as illustrated below. Source: Landy, Leigh. Whatââ¬â¢s the Ma tter with Todayââ¬â¢s Experimental Music?: Organized Sound too Rarely Heard. Chur, Reading: Harwood Academic Press, 1991. Print. Finally there is high impact listening that involves higher cognition in a room environment. Sonification mainly deals with the use of non-speech sound. Itââ¬â¢s important to look at some of the difficulties that are experienced in the use of non-speech sound to convey information. Interference between different dimensions of sonic space and the cognitive overload are some of them. Some of these problems can be alleviated incorporating some of the background functions into sonic space11. For instance, the problem may be solved through association of data size with sonic space instead of dimensions like pitch or loudness12. A particular importance of the experiment will be a demonstration of the potential that exists in using sonic space to help in the learning processes in visually impaired learners13. Sound and space According to LaBelle and Roden s ound cannot exists on its own without space (34). Additionally for sound to exist, it needs architecture and sight. The examination of the relationship between sound and space was first mooted by the ancient Greeks. The experiments conducted by the Greeks sought to investigate the behaviors of sound in different space settings. The unique behaviors that sound exhibited in these different space settings was the main content of the investigations they carried. These early researchers came up with the premise that the relationship between sound and space was utterly dependent on architecture. This relationship was vividly captured in the ideas and works of Vitruvius when he sought to control sound in theatres. A concrete conclusion that was reached by these researchers was that sound and music had an explicit linkage to architecture underlain through the harmony of the universe. Of special importance however was the relationship that exists between sound space and place and their linka ge to transforming space to a sonic experience. Presence of bodies and movement aids in the realization of the existence of space14. In the experiment, one will discover that sound is a temporary medium that needs careful analysis to uncover its properties. Through the use of psychoacoustics, reverberation is analyzed to bring out the information on size of the sonic environment15. The presence and active participation of the human mind in this experiment brings to the fore the ability to envision and discover the source of excitation while determining the fine qualities of the materials used in case boxes. The above is possible when one considers reverberation together with timbre and attack. The concept of morphology is brought back through its entrenchment in the sonic recording of the audio sample. Itââ¬â¢s important to note that the recording that will be involved in the sonic transformation of a space is interactive in nature and does little to condition the response hence the exact nature of the interaction is produced at the external reference16. It therefore does not reflect the participantsââ¬â¢ experience and cognition rather that of natural rules of sonics. The need to mould the environment therefore through the use of architecture in order to condition the interactive experience arises17. Sound and space could not be understood without the use of architecture that was crucial in developing harmonic properties of sound as well as the mathematical impressions of sound and music. The ancient researchers also did conclude that site and sound existed simultaneously and that the relationship could be examined through the listening experience. Their joint existence can fall within the social presence context or private experience context. In terms of acoustics and resonance, site and sound do determine their development where one of them is characterized as a receiver while the other is characterized as a transmitter18. The above explanation by the Greek researchers of sound and space concluded that space is crucial in the controlling, deadening, reflection, and destruction of sound. There is a lot of architecture that goes to designing and developing areas where people live for instance in cities and quiet parks. That therefore means there can be a deliberate generation of sound to alter space. Similarly, one can shape space to manipulate sound to a negative or positive effect instead of reducing or deadening or eliminating it19. Besides the perception capabilities that human beings display toward sound, they can also create and destroy both sound and space. When designing space, architects are mostly concerned about the acoustic factors that will affect the spaces they design. Acoustics One of the concepts that come out prominently in the relationship between sound and space and sonic is acoustics. According to Ripley et al, every room has a sound. In any room, sound waves experience reflection, absorption, and dispersion ( 45). This is done by the boundaries the physical contents like furniture and the people present. Itââ¬â¢s important to note that different rooms have different sounding formats. The sounding is determined by the size, geometry and the materials that are used. More importantly, their acoustic behavior is more critical to the sounding of the room. A connection between acoustics and sonic transformation will be necessary in the experiment in its quest to transform space to a sonic experience. No doubt there is a lot of architecture and other fine details that go into transforming space to fit acoustics. While this experiment has little to do with acoustics, the sonic gestalt that is involved considers sound as a unique media that is an internal artifact. According to Thompson sound penetrates the body and itââ¬â¢s very difficult for anyone to use it in a concrete way to come up with anything far from appeasing emotional experiences20. According to Smalley, this ââ¬Å"slipperyâ⠬ nature of sound is referred to as surrogacy. The sonic transformation of space in this experiment is will operate on the principle of remote surrogacy with the assumption that when the listeners will be hearing the sound from the materials on the wall, they will involve their cultural and environmental experiences to find meaning. In other words the experiment will mainly concentrate on the production of sound in a room space with different materials. The materials in a room or space will be crucial in the transformation of space to a sonic experience and a good understanding of the dynamics involved in acoustics will help shed some light on the concept and help in explaining the effect of space and sound21. Size, geometry, diffusion, and absorption describe acoustics in the most basic terms. Acoustics is all about eliminating resonances by ensuring reflections of sound disappear through absorption and diffusion. In their quest to improve sound quality, acousticians try to modi fy rooms through architectural designs that greatly alter sound in rooms especially theatres to fit the purpose. However, it is imperative to highlight that the sound source is also a factor in determining the quality of the sound experiences in a room22. More often than not, acoustic engineers and architects try to dampen the rooms in order to improve the sound of the reflection. Sometimes it is successful while at times it flops badly. Sound quality in a room is mainly determined by the material used. Every material possesses a vibration character. This is more critical in the reflection of sound waves, perhaps more critical than the absorption and dispersion coefficients. To achieve the best reflection, engineers struggle to match the mother of tone to the character of the reflecting material. The mother of tone is ideal because it is the same benchmark that is used by the human body in its regulation of vibration of ears and generally, bodies. Itââ¬â¢s against these that all sounds that are meant for any human beings are evaluated. Size Resonant frequencies are mainly affected by the size of the room. These cavity models of the room signify that a few of frequencies will be higher or louder than all other frequencies available. For instance a sub hoofer that normally has low frequencies is designed to activate and excite the cavity modes present in rooms. The cavity modes or frequencies of a room can only be changed through alteration of the size or its volume that is more or less the size23. The objects that will be used in the experiment will be of different sizes to fulfill the intentional purpose of producing several sounds. Geometry Direction of sound reflections in a room is determined by the geometry of the room. On the other hand, the geometry of the room is determined by the angles and the positioning of the walls as well as the floor, ceiling, furniture and any other physical object in the room. Any new entry into a room changes the acoustics of that particular room. It is important to note that the commonest reflection happens between parallel rather than perpendicular walls24. Materials The materials that make up the walls, ceiling, and floor of the room as well as the materials of the furniture and any other physical objects greatly determine the acoustics. Understanding into these individual material properties will need a macro understanding of the individual materials on the physical features of a room. Concisely, the acoustic properties of a material in a room are determined through the amount of sound that is reflected by that particular object. The amount of sound is determined by the absorption coefficient. Also determining the acoustic properties of a material is the direction the reflection takes which is determined by the dispersion or diffusion coefficient25. The physical objects that are capable of creating and sometimes destroying sound and the acoustic energy that fills the air are some of the major aspe cts of sound. Both scientific and aesthetic ways, the relationship with the environment and the circumstances that surround someone determine who gets to hear what. Perhaps the relationship between space and sound is better captured through the demonstration of an empty house and that is already furnished26. An empty house demonstrates acoustic harshness that is not pleasant to the ear at all. Sound in occupied houses is more soft and accommodating than the former. The different surfaces from different objects that are present in the house help in the refraction and softening of the sound giving a soothing acoustic. According to Pallasmaa, different spaces and buildings display varied characteristics of attractiveness, feelings, intimacy, monumentality, harshness, invitation, or rejection (58). The above characteristics signify either hospitality The features described above come in hand in the achievement of acoustics of a room. They are also important in the transformation of spac e to a sonic experience. The different objects that will be used in the experiment will spot various measurements of the features that will directly impact on the sound they will produce. Of importance is the morphology and timbre of the objects that will be placed to act as the sources of the sounds that will aid in the transformation of the space to a sonic experience. Sound and space Given the importance of space in this transformation, itââ¬â¢s only important to understand how the human element through architecture influences electro-acoustics that are directly linked to the space-sonic transformation experience. The human effect on sound and space is mainly captured through the architectural element that is directly related to sound and space. People have come up with designs that manipulate sound to achieve the sound qualities that they want. The creation of Symphony Hall marked the beginning of an acoustic era dominated by technology. This technology enabled architects and acousticians to have greater control of over sound. The Symphony hall is still regarded as the first ever, modern science inspired creation that clearly captured the effect of human beings and space on sound. Itââ¬â¢s important to note that there are many symphony halls and their workings are basically the same. One critical factor that comes up in the human effect on sound on space and the incorporation of architecture into the study and understanding of sound is the materiality of the objects used. Reverberation is determined by the frequency dependency of the powers of sound absorbing by the materials used in architecture. Within the materiality concept, the barriers that aid in minimizing noise pollution in building and construction came up27. According to Wade, human beings have largely been responsible for the manipulation of architecture and space in the cities to introduce a completely new concept of soundscape (56). The use of space has ensured the resonation of the cit ies, echoing, muffling, and the isolation of all the urban sounds creating a new dimension of soundscape. Urban designers and planners have responded by planning every building in the cities in specialized and differentiated ways. Determination of the openness of the streets, planting of trees and the specification of materials for different surfaces has been carefully considered in the use of space to control sound. Due to the relative easiness through which architects can make predictions on the reverberations, the acoustics of the inside of buildings have been easily controlled and their spaces only reflect the acoustic qualities that their owners prefer28. Wade says that human beings are perceptive creatures as well as active creators of sound and space. The acoustic space that is designed by architects is the primary concern when designing structures. Human beings are increasingly capable of manipulating the soundscapes of buildings through advanced architectural designs. In th is advanced manipulation of sound contexts, architects have sought to understand the effect of spatial sound. With the advancement in technology brought about by the industrial revolution, people started modifying and measuring sound. Scientific study of sound enabled acoustic engineers and acousticians to manipulate microphones and amplifiers and loudspeakers together with the electrical signals that sound devices used. The discovery of sound production through electronics redefined acoustical phenomena using electronics rather than architecture. Acousticians could easily study and understand the behaviors of sound thanks to the advanced technology29. According to Labelle and Roden, the sounds that are present today are because of technological mediation that is as a direct result of the manipulation by engineers and architects. Control of the behaviors of sound is no longer the mystery it used to be (132). Many more materials used in the generation of sound have been developed tog ether with numerous electro-acoustic devices that have helped greatly in the understanding of acoustics. The development of the electro-acoustic and other techniques of manipulating sound have led to the production of both intended and unintended consequences. These noises include radio broadcasts, music concepts, and motion pictures with soundtracks that have become popular with people30. Itââ¬â¢s important to note that it is the need to control sound behavior and a culture for listening that have driven both the architectural and technological developments in acoustics. New worries about noise that is as a direct result of human being manipulation of the sound space led to the desire by acousticians to control the sound in specific rooms where performances were held and that were important in producing acoustically correct music. Furthermore, the desire to eliminate all unnecessary sound was informed by the need to achieve efficiency in acoustics. According to Ripley et al cont rol of acoustics by architects and engineers was seen as a way of enabling these musicians exercise choice in a world filled with all kind of aural commodities (89). This developments helped producers and other acoustically interested people to determine what constitutes good and acceptable sound and to determine how and what it took to achieve it. The gradual development of the relationship between sound and space led to the reformation of the principles that define it. There was gradual dissociation of sound from space to an extent that the relationship became non-existent31. The development of sound absorbing structures and the instruments that produced their own authentic acoustic sounds diminished the relationship between sound and space. It is safe to conclude that the architectural bit has became a little differentiated and now concentrated on the development of either good structures or instruments that produce acoustic sounds according to the preference of the listeners. Re verberation was a direct creation of architecture that necessitated its creation. It was always a function of the room size, geometry and the materials of the surfaces of the objects in the room. These factors together controlled the production of acoustic sound for long periods. It is therefore with relief that products that can produce acoustic sounds can be made and reverberation is just a form of noise that does not need to be controlled to produce acoustic sound32. Directly related to architecture and human effect is the phenomenon of the sound transformation. The experiment on the transformation of space to a sonic experience can be said to be a miniature of electro acoustics that has been necessitated through architecture. Through the objects in a room is the creation of timbre development from basic one basic sound texture to another. The fundamental concept here is the timbral metamorphosis which is more or less the transformation that space goes through to become a sonic e xperience. Though there may be numerous transformations that take place to form one sonorous gesture, an analysis of one is enough to illustrate the point since the process is repetitive. Its important to note that there is considerable manipulation of the sound source which in this case will be the objects placed in the room to generate the morphology of the source to create a sound transformation to a sonic experience33. Conclusion Throughout the paper both direct and indirect literature and details of transforming space to a sonic experience have been dealt with. The explanations have sought to explain the settings that this particular experiment will use to transform space to a sonic experience and how concepts like acoustics relate to the sonic concept. In so doing the paper has in significant proportions concentrated on architecture and the role it plays in acoustics and sonic transformation. Additionally, there is substantial information relating to the projection of sound in to a space and the cognitive characteristics of human beings that are necessary for a sonic transformation to be complete. In so doing, a number of scholars and their works on sonic transformation and the metamorphic process involved in the process have been used and cited. The process and the finer aspects involving transformation of space to a sonic experience have been explicitly examined. Itââ¬â¢s therefore hoped that the information presented in the paper adequately explains the experiment that seeks to transform space to a sonic experience. Works Cited Alec, Nisbett. The Sound Studio: Audio Techniques for Radio, Television, Film and Recording. Focal Press, 2003. pp. 50 Bregman. Auditory Scene Analysis. The perceptual organization of sound. London: MIT Press, 1994. Campbell, Murray. The Musicians Guide To Acoustics. London: Sage Publications, 1987. Print. Cox and Dââ¬â¢Antonio. Acoustic Absorbers and Diffusors ââ¬â Theory, Design and Application. London: Spon press. P rint. Emmerson, Simon. The Language of Electro acoustic Music. London: Macmillan Press, 1986. Print. Erickson, Robert. Sound Structure in Music. Berkeley: University of California Press 1975. Print. Hayles, Katherine. Embodied Virtuality: Or How To Put Bodies Back Into The Picture. In Immersed In Technology: Art and Virtual Environments, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 1996, Print. Kahn, Douglas. Noise Water Meat ââ¬â A History Of Sound In The Arts. Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1999. LaBelle, Brandon and Roden, Steve. Site of sound: of architecture and the ear, Volume 1. London: Errant Bodies Press, 1999. Print. Landy, Leigh. Whatââ¬â¢s the Matter with Todayââ¬â¢s Experimental Music?: Organized Sound too Rarely Heard. Chur, Reading: Harwood Academic Press, 1991. Print. Moravec, Hans. Mind Children: The Future of Robot and Human Intelligence. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1988. Print. Paine, Garth. Gesture and Musical Interaction: Interactive Engagement through Dynamic Mo rphology. Paper presented at NIME, at Hamamatsu, Japan, 2004. Print. Pallasmaa, Juhani. The eyes of the skin: architecture and the senses. New York: Wiley- Academy, 2005. Print. Paynter, John,et al. A Companion to Contemporary Musical Thought. London: Routledge Publishers, 1992. Print. Ripley et al. In the place of sound: architecture, music, and acoustics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Print. Sallie, Westwood; John, Williams. Imagining Cities: Scripts, Signs, Memory. Routledge, 1997. Print. Scott, Jill. The Body as Interface. In Reframing Consciousness, UK: Intellect, 1999. Print. Schiphorst, Thecla. Body, Interface, Navigation Sense and the State Space. Paper presented at: The Art of programming: Sonic Acts, at Amsterdam, 2001. Print. Smalley, Spectro-morphology and Structuring Processes. In The Language of Electroacoustic Music. New York: Macmillan, 1986. Print. Smalley, Dennis. Spectromorphology: Explaining sound-shapes. Organized Sound 2 (2):107-26. Wiener, N. 19 48. Cybernetics: MIT Press, 1997. Thompson, Emily. The Soundscape of Modernity. Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2004. Print. Taylor, Charles. Reflections, Reverberations, and Recitalsâ⬠. Exploring Music: The Science and Technology of Tones and Tunes. CRC Press, 1999. pp. 232ââ¬â4 Wishart. On Sonic Art. Ed. Simon Emmerson. UK: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1996. Print. Wishart. Audible Design. A Plain and Easy Introduction to Practical Sound Composition. York, UK: Orpheus the Pantomime Ltd, 1994. Wade, Bonnie. Imaging sound: an ethno musicological study of music, art. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006. Print. Yost, William. Fundamentals Of Hearing. NY: Academic Press, Inc., USA, 1994 Footnotes 1 LaBelle, Brandon and Roden, Steve. Site of sound: of architecture and the ear, Volume 1. London: Errant Bodies Press, 1999. Print. P.67 2 Hayles, Katherine. 1996. Embodied Virtuality: Or How To Put Bodies Back Into The Picture. In Immersed In Technology: Art and Virtual Environment s, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 1996, Print. P.88 3 Paine, Garth. Gesture and Musical Interaction: Interactive Engagement Through Dynamic Morphology. Paper presented at NIME, at Hamamatsu, Japan, 2004. Print. Pp 23-30. 4 Moravec, Hans. Mind Children: The Future of Robot and Human Intelligence. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1988. Print. pp 90 5 Schiphorst, Thecla. Body, Interface, Navigation Sense and the State Space. Paper presented at The Art of programming : Sonic Acts, at Amsterdam, 2001. Print. Pp 21-26 6 Smalley. Spectro-morphology and Structuring Processes. In The Language of Electroacousticà Music. New York: Macmillan, 1986. Print. P.78 7 Pallasmaa, Juhani. The eyes of the skin: architecture and the senses. New York: Wiley-Academy, 2005. Print. p.65 8 Thompson, Emily. The Soundscape of Modernity. Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2004. Print. P.54 9 Wade, Bonnie. Imaging sound: an ethno musicological study of music, art. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006. Print. P. 45-46 10 Pallasmaa, Juhani. The eyes of the skin: architecture and the senses. New York: Wiley-Academy, 2005. Print. P. 66 11 Taylor, Charles. Reflections, Reverberations, and Recitalsâ⬠. Exploring Music: The Science and Technology of Tones and Tunes. CRC Press, 1999. pp. 232ââ¬â4 12 Scott, Jill. The Body as Interface. In Reframing Consciousness, UK: Intellect, 1999. Print. P. 23. 13 Smalley, Dennis. Spectromorphology: Explaining sound-shapes. Organised Sound 2 (2):107-26. Wiener, N. 1948. Cybernetics: MIT Press, 1997. Pp107-126 14 Sallie, Westwood; John, Williams. Imagining Cities: Scripts, Signs, Memory. Routledge, 1997. Print. 15 Paynter, John,et al. A Companion to Contemporary Musical Thought. London: Routledge Publishers, 1992. Print. Pp.89 16 Kahn, Douglas. Noise Water Meat ââ¬â A History Of Sound In The Arts. Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1999.pp.78 17 Alec, Nisbett. The Sound Studio: Audio Techniques for Radio, Television, Film and Recording. Focal Press, 2003. pp. 50 18 Thompson, Emily. The Soundscape of Modernity. Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2004. Print.pp.48 19 Yost, William. Fundamentals Of Hearing. NY: Academic Press, Inc., USA, 1994.pp. 190 20 Thompson, Emily. The Soundscape of Modernity. Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2004. Print. Pp 58-60 21 Smalley, Dennis. Spectromorphology: Explaining sound-shapes. Organised Sound 2 (2):107-26. Wiener, N. 1948. Cybernetics: MIT Press, 1997. Pp107-126 22 Campbell, Murray. The Musicians Guide to Acoustics. London: Sage Publications, 1987. Print. pp. 123-125. 23 Emmerson, Simon. The Language of Electroacoustic Music. London: Macmillan Press, 1986. Print. pp.98-105 24 Cox and Dââ¬â¢Antonio. Acoustic Absorbers and Diffusors ââ¬â Theory, Design and Application. London: Spon press.Print. pp. 48-54. 25 Ripley et al. In the place of sound: architecture, music, and acoustics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Print. Pp108-110. 26 Erickson, Robert. Sound Structure in Music. Berkeley: University of California Press 1975. Print. pp. 154 27 Bregman. Auditory Scene Analysis. The perceptual organisation of sound. London: MIT Press, 1994.pp. 78-79. 28 Wade, Bonnie. Imaging sound: an ethno musicological study of music, art. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006. Print.p.56 29 Wishart. Audible Design. A Plain and Easy Introduction to Practical Sound Composition. York, UK: Orpheus the Pantomime Ltd, 1994. 30 LaBelle, Brandon and Roden, Steve. Site of sound: of architecture and the ear, Volume 1. London: Errant Bodies Press, 1999. Print. Pp132-134. 31 Wishart. On Sonic Art. Ed. Simon Emmerson. UK: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1996. Print. pp 90-101. 32 Ripley et al. In the place of sound: architecture, music, and acoustics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Print.p.89 33 Thompson, Emily. The Soundscape of Modernity. Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2004. Print.p.79. This essay on Sound and Space was written and submitted by user Viviana Hess to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. doreenhudshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15252934475059412875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-163697003160284902.post-20057028397578054962019-11-26T17:53:00.001-08:002019-11-26T17:53:04.972-08:00Guatemala Strikes Back essaysGuatemala Strikes Back essays Comparing and contrasting countries can really give you a good sense of knowledge on where a country stands in terms of economics and population. Guatemala is a country that is hard to make assumptions about when you really do not hear very much about it. In this paper I will be comparing and contrasting Guatemala to Kenya and the United States, in terms of site/situation, agriculture, economics, population characteristics, social indicators, and population pyramids. Site is the absolute location of a place, while situation is the relative location of a place. These terms will help us to better understand whether or not Guatemala is dependant on its bordering countries. I will be providing tables to use a visual approach at explaining these topics that I mentioned. While Kenya is a less developed country, and the United States is much more of a developed country, you will be soon to learn that Guatemala settles somewhere in between these two countries. Using the United States and Kenya to make comparisons to Guatemala can really help you understand what this country is all about. Guatemala is a country that is strengthened by its site and situation. Being just south and to the east of Mexico, there is a strong dependency on that country. Guatemala and Mexico have a free trade agreement that goes to show that they need each other to thrive economically. The table below will give show you the bordering countries of Guatemala, Kenya and the United States. Bordering Countries Honduras Canada Somalia Rand McNally, Goodes World Atlas The United States does not really rely on Canada or Mexico for economic support. Kenya on the other hand, is strongly dependant on all of its bordering countries. Guatemala sits right between the United States and Kenya, statistically speaking. When it comes down to agriculture, the United States puts Guatemala and Kenya to sham... doreenhudshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15252934475059412875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-163697003160284902.post-56967623366079816842019-11-23T01:27:00.001-08:002019-11-23T01:27:03.113-08:00Writing and Publishing ResourcesWriting and Publishing Resources Roundup of Writing and Publishing Resources Here at Reedsy, weââ¬â¢re fortunate that we get to work with some of the finest talent in the publishing industry - and these experts have shared their experiences and knowledge with us in the form of interviews and how-to guides. In fact, weââ¬â¢ve published articles on so many topics that itââ¬â¢s hard to keep track of them all.In this post, we want to share some of the best Reedsy articles so far, sorted in a way that mirrors the publishing journey taken by most authors. Check out Reedsy's roundup of writing and publishing resources! #amwriting To make this information even easier to digest, we've compiled it into our beautiful Book Launch Checklist! You can simply download it for free below, then follow the steps to publication! How Do You Write Your Book?If you have any questions or topics youââ¬â¢d like to see covered on the Reedsy Blog, post them in the comments below. doreenhudshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15252934475059412875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-163697003160284902.post-65004428785278915962019-11-21T03:53:00.001-08:002019-11-21T03:53:07.933-08:00The construct lifestyle in market segmentation EssayThe construct lifestyle in market segmentation - Essay Example One outcome of the search for marketing innovations is market segmentation. Market segmentation basically deals with allocating the right consumer with the right product. The Investopedia (2011) explains market segmentation as ââ¬Å"aggregating of prospective buyers into groups (segments) that have common needs and will respond similarly to a marketing action.â⬠Closely related to this explanation, Tatum (2011) posits that market segmentation ââ¬Å"is a strategy that involves dividing a larger market into subsets of consumers who have common needs and applications for the goods and services offered in the market.â⬠Because market segmentation tries to limit the division of the market base, it allows for the fullest understanding of basic rudiments of a particular market segment. Out of this benefit, Gonzalez and Bello (2002) came up with a coiled concentration of market segmentation on the tourism market where he writes about ââ¬Å"The construct "lifestyle" in market seg mentation: The behavior of tourist consumersâ⬠. This paper seeks to assess the thesis of the author in regard to the construct lifestyle and examine other innovations presented in the article. Assessment of the thesis of the authors in regards to the construct lifestyle The authors make a number of theses as far as the construct lifestyle in market segmentation for tourist consumers are concerned. One of these theses has to do with the inclusion of lifestyle to help segment the tourism market more adequately. The writers are of the view that lifestyle of consumers is very imminent if the tourist market can properly be segmented. In view of this, they define ââ¬Å"the construct lifestyle based on the activities, interest and opinion approach.â⬠The authors therefore believe that for any effect market segmentation that will target specific tourist consumers, players in the industry must not loss sight of the very activities that tourist would want to engage in when they are out there on tourism. As far as tourism is concerned the World Tourism Organization recognizes three groups of consumers who are visitors, overnight tourists and excursionist (Gonzalez& Bello, 2002, pp. 53). Each of these three categories of consumers undertake the type of tourism they do for different purposes. In doing this, they participate in different pre-intended activities based on their interest and opinion of tourism. For example one group of people on tourism would opt for animal related destinations because they have a natural love for animals. Another would opt for plant related destinations because their work has to do with plants. In the view of the authors, when such interests and activities of consumers are well harnessed in the construct lifestyle, tourism operators will be in an excellent position to attract the right consumers at the right time because they will put in place the right segmentation to meet the needs of the consumers. Another thesis outlined by the authors is the need to base the construct lifestyle on the total needs of travelers. Simply out, peopleââ¬â¢s needs reflect their lifestyle. To this effect, they assert that ââ¬Å"good theory of tourist motivation must consider the total needs of travelers and not limit its focus to one needâ⬠(Gonzalez& Bello, 2002, pp. 53). Continuing research in tourism show that there is a lot of relation between tourist motivation doreenhudshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15252934475059412875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-163697003160284902.post-57755638042130765382019-11-19T15:34:00.001-08:002019-11-19T15:34:03.713-08:00The Analysis of Strategy from movie Moneyball EssayThe Analysis of Strategy from movie Moneyball - Essay Example This approach involves the scouting and analysis of players followed by their acquisition. Through this strategy, they acquire Chad Bradford, a pitcher, and Scott Hatteberg, a catcher. They go on to win an American league record 20 games in a row. This team did not qualify into the World Series in 2002, and they have not made in back into the series ten years down the line. These years remained impressive ones, not only in the history of the game, but also in the franchise. The need to get this team back into World Series, and win more titles called for the teamââ¬â¢s top management to adopt and implement new strategies, which will ensure the future success of this team. This paper, therefore, seeks to describe how new strategies, especially technology and innovation, can create a competitive advantage for an organization with reference to the movie ââ¬Å"Money ballââ¬â¢s Strategyâ⬠. The Oakland Aââ¬â¢s vision was to find young players who had little ability for pay ne gotiations (Rosner & Kenneth). In 1995, new management broke up the roster of the team in order to trim costs and this caused performances to nose dive. At this same period, they designed the new strategy based on a low budget, concentrating on on-base percentage. By 1999, performances had begun to improve, with their revenue responding to this performance. Attendance spiked dramatically, while ticket prices also rose. This showed that their strategy for getting victory in games was successful at exploiting the opportunity at profit. During the period spanning 2000-2004, the average position playerââ¬â¢s wage went up from $2.6 million to $3 million (Rosner & Kenneth 358). Home run hitters earned approximately $3.5 million more than the rest of the players. This was difficult for the Oakland Aââ¬â¢s team to follow, since they were not in a position to challenge well-established and financially sound teams. However, the Oakland Aââ¬â¢s discovered that there was gross underval uation of on-base percentage in the market. The most significant method of measuring skill at batting had been batting average, which weighted home runs and singles the same. The slugging percentage was also in use where home runs counted four times as much as singles. These two, however, ignored walks and sacrifices. There was undervaluation of the ability to get on base. Lack of hitters possessing superior skill at market premiums, who master the patient art of touching base via walks, validated the Aââ¬â¢s approach in identifying these players. This translated into winning more games at a discount compared to their competition. At first, however, the teamââ¬â¢s scouts were hostile and dismissive to the sabermetrics approach that was non-traditional for scouting players. The manager began to select players based on base percentage, therefore, assembling a team with more potential than their finances would have allowed. The Oakland Aââ¬â¢s used an integrated low-cost and d ifferentiation strategy (Rosner & Kenneth 358). This allowed them to adapt to the changing financial environment, which was going beyond them, allowing them to learn and integrate new technologies and skills, while improving their ability to leverage core competencies more effectively across their business model, and enabling them to purchase hitters with improved features at much lower costs. Using this strategy, they managed to exploit the low market demand that was there for those kinds of hitters doreenhudshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15252934475059412875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-163697003160284902.post-31039509229746514432019-11-17T04:06:00.001-08:002019-11-17T04:06:06.659-08:00Iran-Contra affair Essay Example for Free Iran-Contra affair Essay The Iran-Contra affair was a US scandal that occurred in the mid 1980s under the leadership of President Ronald Reagan and vice president George bush. The scandal majorly involved two events. First, there was the sale of US arms to one of its main enemies, Iran and then the millions of dollars in profits derived from the arms deal were used to finance a clandestine operation rejected by congress, the financing of Nicaraguan guerrillas named the Contra. The Contra guerillas were opponents of the Nicaraguanââ¬â¢s Sandinista rebels who came to power after overthrowing Anastasio Somoza, the then leader of Nicaragua in the year 1979. The idea was to secure the release of American hostages held by the Hezbollah terrorists. This scandal prompted numerous investigations that led the indictment of US government officials. Indeed, many questions still linger on the minds of many concerning the role played by top US White House officials including President Reagan and the then vice president George Bush (TheFreeDictionary, 2009). This paper will discuss some of the dealings in the arms trade, stating their historical background, reasons behind the trade, the parties involved and its eventual outcome. The Contra Affair first received public attention in November 1986 after al-sharia, a Lebanese publication reported that the American government was involved in arms trade with Iran. Worse still, a Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) supply plane was shot down by the Nicaraguan forces. The only survivor was the pilot and he was captured. The plane was carrying, over 50 000 rounds of ammunition, Russian rifles and boots (Tristam, 2009). The confession of the pilot shocked the public indicating that the US government was involved in arming the contra rebels and also confirmed the earlier reports in the Lebanese publication. The irony was that President Ronald Reagan was on record as having numerously associated the Iran government with terrorism (TheFreeDictionary, 2009). Why Reagan supported the Sandinistas To Reagan, the victory of the Sandinista in Nicaragua was a major US security threat since he thought that it had the potential of sparking off a revolution in Central America (BBC News Channel, 2004). The fear could be traced back to 1954 when Jacobo Arbenz won the elections to become president of Guatemala. What alarmed the US government was his oratory which indicated that the US government was on the verge of losing its control in Central America. In 1979, the Sandinistas overthrew the Arbenz government and initiated communist reforms. This was in spite of the fact that in actual sense they never really defined themselves as communists but as pluralists. They began to reallocate estates and to redistribute wealth and this was enough to alarm the United States which became uncomfortable with having a communist state right in its backyard. Violence also erupted spreading to other countries and this was seen as an indication that communism could end up spreading to other countries in Central America (BBC News Channel, 2004). Reagan was alarmed by these developments and felt that he had to do whatever it took to stop this. Fortunately for him, other groups within Nicaragua began arming themselves against the policies initiated by the Sandinistas. Reaganââ¬â¢s hope then lay in equipping the rebels in an attempt to overthrow the Sandinistas government. At first he allocated the funds openly and even gave additional funds to the CIA to carry out his mission. However, the allocation of funds to the contras was opposed within the United States throwing his plans to the gutter. Ronald Reagan involvement with Iran Ronald Reagan was known to have publicly referred to Iran as one of the nations that both supported and financed terrorism in the world. It therefore seemed to be a stab in the back for US citizens when the world heard reports that the US was trading arms with its worst enemy. The entire situation could be traced back to the 1980 US presidential elections. These pitted the then president Jimmy Carter against the implicated Ronald Reagan. The period between the 1970s and 1980 was one characterized by numerous incidences of hostage taking. In the year 1979, fifty two workers of the US embassy in Iran were captured by Iranian students and held hostage. The US at the time proclaimed a ââ¬Ëno- negotiationââ¬â¢ policy when dealing with terrorists. The then president Jimmy Carter failed to secure the release of these hostages (Absolute astronomy, 2009). During the elections, Jimmy Carter was slightly taking the lead and if only the US hostages held by the Hezbollah group had been released, it could have been a sure win for Carter. The release of the hostages then became the decisive factor on who would win the elections. This prompted the Reagan team to negotiate a release deal with Ayatollah Khomeini of Iran. This team met with the then prime minister of Iran Bani-sadr in Paris. The agreement reached was that the US hostages would remain captives until after the election and in extension of this favor, Iran would be supplied with weapons. At that time, Iran was at war with Iraq and the supply of weapons was absolutely welcomed. It therefore came to be that immediately after Reagan won the elections, the hostages were released (Angel Force, n. d). Arms transactions The US received special assistance from Israel to carry out the sale of arms to moderate Iranians opposed to Ayatollah Khomeni. Michael Ledeen and Robert McFarlane the then National Security Adviser managed to convince the Israeli government to ship arms to these politically influential Iranians in return for the same kind of weapons along with monetary benefits. Israel agreed but in the mean time Reagan was hospitalized for a colon cancer surgery. Later on, Israel tried to convince the United States to allow Israel to sell a few antitank missiles as an indication that the Iranian group had strong US ties. This offer was initially rejected but eventually Israel managed to convince Reagan that the group was an antiterrorist group. The group in return had promised to talk to the captor to release seven hostages, a proposal that Reagan readily consented to. The plan was later readjusted such that the arms were now to be sold directly to the Iranians at a marked up price of about 715 million dollars as suggested by North. This price was rejected but eventually over one thousand anti-tank missiles were shipped. The adjustments also included the financing of the contras contrary to the Boland Amendments that restricted the US administration and the CIA from financing the contras. (Absolute astronomy, 2009). The scandal blew up after Mehdi Hashemi a cleric with the Islamic revolutionary guards leaked information concerning the trade to Ash-Shiraa, a renowned Lebanese magazine. This together with the crashing of a CIA plane led to Reaganââ¬â¢s confession in the national television that the arms deal transactions had indeed taken place. His argument was that the trade had taken place in an attempt to forge better ties with Iran and to also to make Iran reconsider a negotiation for the release of held hostages (Absolute astronomy, 2009). Conclusion The Iran-Contra Scandal led to the sacking of numerous government officials including Oliver North who was sacked and also tried for the shredding of evidence (some say that the evidence was bulky enough to jam the governmentââ¬â¢s shredding machine. In his defense, North tried to link the case with the Vietnam War by arguing that the main issue in the affair was the actual financing of the contras (Isaacs, (1997). He also attempted to justify his action by saying that it fell within his powers. The presidentââ¬â¢s popularity ratings also dropped from a high of 67% to a low of 46%. Internationally, the scandal sent harmful signal to terror indicating that hostage taking could be used as a powerful means of coaxing political influence with the west (Absolute astronomy, 2009). References Absolute astronomy. (2009). Iran-Contra Affair. Retrieved on 28th March, 2009, from: http://www. absoluteastronomy. com/topics/Iran-Contra_Affair BBC News Channel. (2004). Reagan and the Iran-Contra affair. Retrieved on 30th March, 2009, from: http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/world/americas/269619. stm Isaacs, A. (1997) Vietnam Shadows. Baltimore London: John Hopkins University Press. TheFreeDictionary. (2009). Iran-Contra Affair . Retrieved on 30th March, 2009, from: http://www. acc. af. mil/news/story. asp? id=123080422 Tristam, P. (2009). What Was the Arms-for-Hostages Iran-Contra Affair? Retrieved on 30th March, 2009, from: http://middleeast. about. com/od/usmideastpolicy/f/me081109f. htm Angel Force. (n. d). Iran-Contra. Retrieved on 30th March, 2009, from: http://www. angelfire. com/ca3/jphuck/BOOK3Ch7. html doreenhudshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15252934475059412875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-163697003160284902.post-32580436652633344472019-11-14T16:38:00.001-08:002019-11-14T16:38:05.008-08:00The Bedroom inThe Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman :: Yellow Wallpaper essaysThe Yellow Wallpaper - The Bedroom As the story progresses in, The Yellow Wallpaper, it is as if the space of the bedroom turns in on itself, folding in on the body as the walls take hold of it, epitomizing the narrator's growing intimacy with control. Because the narrator experiences the bedroom in terms of John's draconian organization, she relies on her prior experiences of home in an attempt to allay the alienation and isolation the bedroom creates. Recalling her childhood bedroom, she writes, "I remember what a kindly wink the knobs of our big, old bureau used to have, and there was one chair that always seemed like a strong friend . . . I could always hop into that chair and feel safe" (Gilman 17). Ironically, Gilman's narrator cannot retire to the otherwise "personal haven" of the bedroom because she is always already there, enclosed within the attic room of John's desires, bereft of her own voice and personal history. The narrator's imagination is altogether problematic for John, who would prohibit his wife fr om further fancifulness: "[John] says that with my imaginative power and habit of story-making, a nervous weakness like mine is sure to lead to all manner of excited fancies, and that I ought to use my will and good sense to check the tendency. So I try" (Gilman 15-16). For Gaston Bachelard, who devotes himself to a phenomenological exploration of the home in The Poetics of Space, "imaginative power" is the nucleus of the home, if not the home itself. Memories of prior dwellings are for Bachelard a fundamental aspect of creating new homes based on a continuity with the past and past spaces. "[B]y approaching the house images with care not to break up the solidarity of memory and imagination," writes Bachelard, "we may hope to make others feel all the psychological elasticity of an image that moves us at an unimaginable depth" (6). Bachelard's "elasticity" infers that spatial depth and expansion are contingent upon a psychological flexibility of imagination. Gilman's narrator is nota bly denied this elasticity when her physician/husband attempts to prevent her from writing. "I did write for a while in spite of them," the narrator explains, "but it does exhaust me a good deal--having to be so sly about it, or else meet with heavy opposition" (Gilman 10). doreenhudshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15252934475059412875noreply@blogger.com0